Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

Saad bin Malik Al-Qurashi Saad bin Malik, who is Saad bin Abi Waqqas, and the name of Abu Waqqas: Malik bin Wahaib; according to another report, Uhab bin Abd Manaf bin Zahra bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Kaab bin Luay bin Ghalib bin Fahr bin Malik bin Al-Nadr bin Kinanah Al-Qurashi Al-Zuhri, nicknamed Abu Ishaq, His mother was Hamnah bint Sufyan bin Umayyah bin Abd Shams (1); in another account, Hamnah bint Abi Sufyan bin Umayyah. He converted to Islam after six, or, according to another report, after four. He was seventeen years old when he converted to Islam. It was narrated about him that he said: I converted to Islam before prayer was made obligatory. He is one of those to whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, bore witness to Paradise, and one of the ten leading Companions, and one of the six companions of the Shura Council, who informed Omar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah bless him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, died while he was satisfied with them.

He witnessed Badr, Uhud, the Trench, and all the scenes with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He performed a great trial on the Battle of Uhud. He was the first to shed blood for the sake of Allah, and the first to shoot an arrow in the path of Allah. Reported by Abu Al-Faraj bin Abi Raja bin Saad, on the authority of Qays, who said: I heard Saad say: I am the first of the Arabs to throw an arrow in the name of Allah, and by Allah, if we Let us fight with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. We have no food except the leaves of the camel and this brown (2), so much so that one of us lay down as a sheep lays down, without any qualms. Then Banu Asad started exhorting me (3) for my religion. I was then disappointed and my work went astray. Some of the people of Kufa complained about him to Omar ibn al-Khattab, so he removed him from Kufa, and the one who complained most about him was a man from Banu Asad.

Reported by Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Mahran and others, on the authority of Jabir, who said: Saad came, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: This is my uncle, so let him show me (1) someone who is his uncle. He only said this because Saad is Zuhri, and Umm The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, is Zuhariya. He is her cousin. She is Amina bint Wahb bin Abd Manaf bin Zahra. Their lineages converge at Abd Manaf, and the Prophet ﷺ's maternal kin were from her family. Reported by Abu Ja`far Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Ali, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, who said: When the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed, they would go to the paths and conceal their prayer from their people. So we saw Saad ibn Abi Waqqas with a group of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on a path of the paths of Mecca, when a group of polytheists appeared upon them.

They denounced them and criticized their religion until they fought them, so they fought, and Saad struck a man of the polytheists with the beard of a camel, causing him to gnaw. It was the first blood shed in Islam. Omar bin Al-Khattab appointed Saad to command the armies that he directed to fight the Persians. He was the commander of the army of those who defeated the Persians in Al-Qadisiyah, and with Jalawla, he sent some of those with him and they fought the Persians with Jalawla and defeated them. He was the one who conquered the cities of Mada'in Khusra in Iraq. He was the one who built Kufa, appointed Iraq, and then removed him. When Omar's death approached, he made him one of the people of the Shura Council, and said: Saad's governor is the emirate. That is it. Otherwise, I will advise the caliph after me to use him, because I did not remove him due to inability or betrayal.

So Uthman appointed him as governor of Kufa, then dismissed him, and appointed Al-Walid bin Uqba bin Abi Muait. Ismail bin Ali and others informed us of their chain of transmission to Muhammad bin Isa bin Sura. Reported by Raja bin Muhammad al-Adawi, on the authority of Saad, who said: Oh Allah, respond to Saad when he calls upon you. He would not supplicate unless he was answered, and the people knew that from him and feared his supplications. Reported by Muhammad bin Isa, on the authority of Ali bin Zaid and Yahya bin Saeed, who said: Ali bin Abi Talib said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, did not gather his father and mother to anyone except for Saad bin Abi Waqqas. He said to him on the Battle of Uhud: Throw, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you. Throw, you proud boy (5). It was narrated that he collected them for Al-Zubayr bin Al-Awwam as well. Al-Zuhri said: On the Battle of Uhud, Saad shot a thousand arrows.

When Othman was killed, he withdrew from the strife, and was not with any of the warring sects. Rather, he remained at home, and (1) his son Omar and his nephew Hashim bin Utbah bin Abi Waqqas wanted him to call for himself, after killing Othman, but he did not do so, and asked for safety. When he retired, he coveted Muawiyah, Abdullah bin Omar, and Muhammad bin Maslama, so he wrote to them calling on them to help him demand the blood of Othman, and saying: You do not disbelieve. You have not come to me in terms of letting him down except with that, so each one of them answered him, replying to him what he had brought, and Saad wrote to him verses of poetry: Ma'awiyah, your disease is exhaustion... and for what you bring there is no cure. Call me Abu Hassan Ali... so I did not say to him what he wanted. I said to him: Give me a sword of insight (2)... with which he distinguished himself with enmity. And loyalty.

Do you covet the one who has set my eyes upon me... for what you have coveted for chastity? A day of him is better than you. Alive... and dead, you have redemption. His daughter Aisha narrated from him that he said: I saw in a dream, before I became Muslim, as if I was in darkness and could not see anything when a moon shone for me, so I followed it. It was as if I was looking at the one who had preceded me to that moon, so I looked at Zaid bin Haritha, to Ali bin Abi Talib, and to Abu Bakr, as if I were asking them: When did you end up here? They said: The hour. I was informed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, is calling to Islam in secret, so I met him in the people of Ajyad (3). He prayed the afternoon prayer, so I converted to Islam, and no one came before me except them.

Dawud ibn Abi Hind narrated on the authority of Abu Uthman al-Nahdi that Saad ibn Abi Waqqas said: This verse was revealed about me: "And if they strive with you to associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, then do not obey them, but accompany them in this world with kindness." (4) He said: I was a man who respected my mother, and when I converted to Islam, she said: O Saad, what is this religion that you have introduced? Will you abandon this religion of yours, or I will not eat or drink until I die, so you will reproach me. He said: Do not do that, mother, for I will not give up my religion. He said: So you stayed for a day and a night without eating, and then in the morning you were exhausted, so I said: By Allah, if you had a thousand souls. They went out one by one, you would not have abandoned this religion of mine for anything. When she saw that, she ate and drank, and Allah revealed this verse.

Abu Al-Minhal said: Omar bin Al-Khattab asked Amr bin Maadikarb about the news of Saad bin Abi Waqqas. He said: He is humble in his robe, an Arab in his pride (1), a lion in his pericardium, he is fair in the matter, he swears justly, he is distant in secrecy, he is kind to us with the compassion of a righteous mother. He transfers to us our right to transport corn (2). Saad narrated many hadiths on the authority of the Prophet ﷺ. Bin Umar, Ibn Abbas, Jabir bin Samra, Al-Sa'ib bin Yazid, Aisha, and his sons Amer, Mus'ab, Muhammad, Ibrahim, and Aisha, the sons of Saad, Ibn Al-Musayyab, Abu Uthman Al-Nahdi, Ibrahim bin Abdul Rahman bin Awf, Qais bin Abi Hazim, and others, narrated from him.

Reported by Abu Al-Barakat Al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Hibatullah Al-Shafi'i Al-Dimashqi, on the authority of Amir bin Saad bin Abi Waqqas, who said: I said to my father: O father, I see you doing with this neighborhood of the Ansar something that you would do to others, so he said: Son, do you find any of that in yourself? He said: No, but I admire your work! He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, saying: No one loves them except a believer, and no one hates them except a hypocrite. Saad bin Abi Waqqas died in the year fifty-five, said Al-Waqidi. Abu Nu'aym al-Fadl bin Dukayn said: He died in the year fifty-eight. Al-Zubair, Amr bin Ali, and Al-Hasan bin Othman said: Saad died in the year fifty-four. Ismail bin Muhammad bin Saad said: Saad Adam was tall and snub-nosed. Another report states: He was short, thick, with a beard and two fingers. This was said by his daughter Aisha.

He died in Al-Aqiq, seven miles from Medina, and was carried on the necks of men to Medina. He was entered into the mosque, and Marwan and the wives of the Prophet ﷺ prayed over him. His son Amer said: Saad was the last of the immigrants to die, and when death approached him he called for a cloak to be made for him from wool. He said: Shroud me in it, for I met the polytheists in it on the Battle of Badr. It was on me, but I was hiding it for this reason. The three took him out. Hazem: with the neglected h and za.