Amr ibn al-As

Amr bin Al-Aas bin Wael bin Hashim bin Saeed bin Sahm bin Amr bin Husays bin Kaab bin Luay bin Ghalib Al-Qurashi Al-Sahmi, nicknamed Abu Abdullah; according to another report, Abu Muhammad. His mother, Al-Nabigha bint Harmala, was a captive from Banu Jalan bin Atik bin Aslam bin Yadhikr bin Anza, and his maternal brothers were Amr bin Uthatha Al-Adawi, and Uqba bin Nafi bin Abd Qais Al-Fihri. A man asked Amr bin Al-Aas about his mother. He said: Salma bint Harmala, nicknamed Al-Nabigha from Banu Anza. She was struck by Arab spears, so she was sold to Ukaz, so Al-Fakih bin Al-Mughirah bought her, then Abdullah bin Jadaan bought her from him, then it went to Al-Aas bin Wael, so she gave birth to him. She gave birth. If he gave you something, then take it. He is the one whom the Quraysh sent to the Negus to hand over to them the Muslims he had: Ja`far ibn Abi Talib and those with him.

He did not do so, and said to him: O Amr, how can you avoid the matter of your cousin, for by Allah, he truly belongs to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ! He said: You say that?! He said: Yes, by Allah, so obey me, so he left him, migrating to the Prophet ﷺ and converted to Islam in the year of Khaybar. Another report states: He converted to Islam with the Negus. He migrated to the Prophet ﷺ.

Some reports state: He converted to Islam in Safar in the eighth year, six months before the conquest. He had intended to go to the Prophet ﷺ from Al-Najashi, then stopped until this time, and came to the Prophet ﷺ he, Khaled bin Al-Walid, and Othman bin Talha Al-Abdri, so Khaled came forward, converted to Islam and pledged allegiance, then Amr came forward and converted to Islam and pledged allegiance on the condition that he would be forgiven for what he had done before, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him Allah, said: "Islam and immigration are obligatory for what came before it." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, sent him as a commander with a detachment to Dhat al-Silsil to the maternal uncles of his father, Al-Aas bin Wael. His mother was from Bali bin Amr bin Al-Haf bin Quda'ah, calling them to Islam and mobilizing them to jihad.

The army, numbering three hundred, marched in that. When he entered their country the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, reached out and extended it. Reported by Abu Ja`far ibn Ahmad ibn Ali, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, who said: Muhammad ibn Abd narrated to me. Al-Rahman bin Abdullah bin Al-Husayn Al-Tamimi, on the authority of Dhat Al-Silasal's campaign from the land of Bali and Adhra, said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, sent Amr bin Al-Aas mobilizes the Bedouins to the Levant. This is because the mother of Al-Aas bin Wael was a woman from Bali, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, sent him to consort with them. Thus, even when he was on water in the land of leprosy, he was known as Chains, and that is how those invaders were called the Chains. When he was on them, he was afraid. So he sent to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to ask him for help.

He sent to him Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah among the first emigrants, among them: Abu Bakr and Omar. He said To Abu Ubaidah: "Do not quarrel." So Abu Ubaidah left and when he came to him, Amr said to him: You only came to support me. Abu Ubaidah said: No. But I am the same as I am, and you are the same as you are. Abu Ubaidah was an easy-going and gentle man, and the affairs of this world were easy for him. Amr said to him: Rather, you are my support. Abu Ubaidah said: O Amr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said to me: "Do not disagree," and if you disobey me I obeyed you. Amr said to him: I am your ruler. He said: Without you. So Amr led the people in prayer. the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, appointed him to rule over Oman. He remained there until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, died. Abraham, Ishmael, and others informed us.

With their chain of transmission to Abu Issa al-Tirmidhi, he said: Qutaibah narrated to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to us, Musharrah bin Ha'an narrated to us, on the authority of Uqba bin Amir. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: "The people submitted to Islam and Amr bin Al-Aas believed. Reported by " He said: Abu Issa, on the authority of Ibn Abi Mulaika, who said: Talha ibn Ubayd Allah said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, say: "Amr Ibn Al-Aas is one of the righteous people of Quraysh. Then, Omar sent Abu Bakr as governor to the Levant, where he testified and went, and appointed Palestine to Omar bin Al-Khattab. Then Omar sent him in an army to Egypt, where he conquered it. He remained its governor until Omar died, so Othman appointed him to rule it for four years.

Or something like that. He then removed him from it, and appointed Abdullah bin Saad bin Abi Sarh, so Amr retired to Palestine. He would come to Medina sometimes. He would criticize Uthman. When Uthman was killed, he went to Muawiyah, supported him, and witnessed Siffin with him, and his position there was famous. He is one of the two rulers, and the story is well-known. Then Muawiyah took him to Egypt and rescued it from the hand of Muhammad bin Abi Bakr, who was Ali's handler on it, and Muawiyah used him on it until he died in the year forty-three; in another account, the year forty-seven; some reports state instead: the year forty-eight; according to another report, the year fifty-one, and the first is more correct. He used to dye his hair black. He was one of the bravest, heroic, and shrewd Arabs. He died in Egypt on the night of Eid al-Fitr, and his son Abdullah prayed over him. He was buried in Mokattam.

Then he prayed the Eid prayer, and his son took over after him. Then Muawiyah dismissed him, and after him his brother Utbah ibn Abi Sufyan appointed him. Amr has good poetry, some of which he addresses Amara ibn al-Walid with the Negus, and there was an evil between them that we have mentioned in Al-Kamil in history: If a person does not give up food that he loves... and does not end a heart that is deluded, where he spends a lot of it and leaves a curse... If you mention the likes of it, it fills the mouth. And when death approached him, he said: Oh Allah. You commanded me, but I did not obey, and you rebuked me, but I did not rebuke. He placed his hand on the place of the problem and said: Oh Allah, there is no strong, so he will prevail, nor innocent, so apologize, nor arrogant, but seek forgiveness. There is no god but You. So he continued repeating it until he died.

Yazid bin Abi Habib narrated that Abd al-Rahman bin Shamasa told him, saying: When Amr bin al-Aas was about to die, he cried, and his son Abdullah said: Why did you cry, frightened by death? He said: No, by Allah, but after death. He said to him: I was doing well. He started mentioning his companionship with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and his conquests of Syria and Egypt. Amr said: I left better than that, testifying that there is no god but Allah. Indeed, I was on three levels. I was an infidel at first. So I was the most stubborn of people towards the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. If I died then, Hell would become necessary for me. When I pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, I was the most shy of people towards him. If I had died, people would have said: Congratulations to Amr. He converted to Islam and was doing well. He died, so there was hope for him.