The pillars of judgment: continued and questions

This continuation of the chapter on judges (qada) covers the remaining conditions and attributes of judgment: whether a non-mujtahid judge may adhere to a specific school, the beneficiary of the judgment, the defendant whether present or absent, the judge who rules by his personal knowledge in rights and then in legal punishments, the judgment rendered while angry, the real effect of the governor's ruling, the judge's stipend, and finally judging by other than what Allah has revealed. Each sheet presents the schools' positions, their proofs, the Companions' rulings, and the classical references supporting them.

Parts of this section

• May a judge adhere (taqlid) to a specific school?
• Second figure: ruling by one's personal knowledge in the legal punishments