Islamic Fiqh > Judgment and testimony > Judgment (qada) and its conditions > Judgment: status, litigants and admission
Updated on 26 September 2026 at 7:12 PM
This chapter gathers the general principles of judgment (qada) and testimony (shahada) from the encyclopedia of fiqh: the licitness of testimony, the difference between the plaintiff (mudda'i) and the defendant (mudda 'alayh), the benefit of that distinction, the licitness of the claim and of acknowledgment, the probative force of acknowledgment, the difference between judgment and fatwa, then the status of judgment and the five cases of holding it, school by school, with the takhrij of the hadiths and the classical references.