Judgment and testimony

The rules of judgment and testimony: judge and witness conditions, the five judgment pillars, iqrar, witness number and non-acceptance. Each page presents the ruling, the evidence and the schools' differences.

Contents

Iqrar (acknowledgment)
Judgment (qada) and its conditions
Testimony (chahada)
The judge (qadi): qualification, remuneration and independence
Proof and the decisive oath (yamin al-qada)
Arbitration and mediation (tahkim)
Enforcing judgments and appeal
Guardianship of the incapable: minors, spendthrifts and the insane
Modern evidence: writings, photos, videos and messages

Updated on 31 August 2026 at 3:55 AM

Pages of this pillar

Iqrar (acknowledgment) Judgment (qada) and its conditions Testimony (chahada) The judge (qadi): qualification, remuneration and independence Proof and the decisive oath (yamin al-qada) Arbitration and mediation (tahkim) Enforcing judgments and appeal Guardianship of the incapable: minors, spendthrifts and the insane Modern evidence: writings, photos, videos and messages

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Fri 21 Rabi' al-Awwal
الجمعة 21 ربيع الأول