Islam > Scholars > Abu Bakr as-Siddiq
Biography of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq as related by al-Dhahabi in Siyar A lam al-Nubala. He died in 13 H.
Updated on 14 September 2026 at 8:10 PM
📖 100 min readThe lives of the rightly guided caliphs
Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, caliph of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him:
His name is Abdallah (it is also said: 'Atiq), ibn Abi Quhafah, 'Uthman ibn 'Amir ibn 'Amr ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd ibn Taym ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy al-Qurashi at-Taymi, may Allah be pleased with him.
A multitude of Companions and senior Successors narrated from him, and the last of them were: Anas ibn Malik, Tariq ibn Shihab, Qays ibn Abi Hazm, and Murrah at-Tayyib.
Ibn Abi Mulaykah and others said: 'Atiq was only a nickname for him.
And from Aisha, who said: the name his family gave him was Abdallah, but 'Atiq prevailed over it.
And Ibn Ma'in said: his nickname was 'Atiq because his face was handsome, and Layth ibn Sa'd said the same.
And others said: he was the most knowledgeable of the Quraysh in their genealogies.
It is also said: he was white, slender, with light shoulders, a radiant face, deep-set eyes and a prominent forehead, dyeing his whiteness with henna and katam.
He was the first of men to believe.
And Ibn al-A'rabî said: the Arabs describe a thing that has reached the summit of excellence as 'atiq (freed, eminent).
And from Aisha, who said: none of the Emigrants embraced Islam before Abu Bakr.
And from al-Zuhri, who said: Abu Bakr was white, fair complexioned, slender, with curled hair and gaunt hips, his izar not staying in place on his hips.
It is narrated that he traded to Busra more than once, and that he spent his wealth for the Prophet, peace be upon him, and in the way of Allah. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: no wealth ever benefited me as the wealth of Abu Bakr benefited me.
And 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr said: when Abu Bakr embraced Islam, on the day he embraced it, he possessed forty thousand dinars.
And 'Amr ibn al-'As said: O Messenger of Allah! Which of men is dearest to you? He said: Abu Bakr.
And Abu Sufyan said, from Jabir, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: no believer hates Abu Bakr and Umar, and no hypocrite loves them.
And al-Sha'bi said, from al-Harith, from Ali: the Prophet, peace be upon him, looked at Abu
Bakr and Umar, and said:
these are the two masters of the mature men of the people of Paradise, of the first and the last, apart from the prophets and the messengers: do not tell it to them, O Ali. And the like of it was narrated through close routes, from Dharr ibn Hubaysh, and from 'Asim ibn Damrah, and from Harram, from Ali; and Talhah ibn 'Amr said, from 'Ata, from Ibn Abbas, something similar.
And Muhammad ibn Kathir said, from al-Awza'i, from Qatadah, from Anas, something similar. Brought out by al-Tirmidhi, who said: a hasan gharib hadith. Then he narrated it from the hadith of al-Muqbiri, from al-Zuhri, and it does not prove out.
Ibn Mas'ud said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: if I were to take a close friend, I would take Abu Bakr as a close friend.
Ibn Abbas narrated something similar, and added: but he is my brother and my companion in Allah; he left no window in the mosque, apart from the window of Abu Bakr.
Hisham ibn 'Urwah, from his father, from Aisha, from Umar, that he said: Abu Bakr is our master, the best of us and the dearest to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Al-Tirmidhi authenticated it.
And it was authenticated through the hadith of al-Jariri, from Abdallah ibn Shakiq, who said: I said to Aisha: which of the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, was dearest to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him? She said: Abu Bakr. I said: then who? She said: Umar. I said: then who? She said: Abu Ubaydah. I said: then who? She fell silent.
Malik in the Muwatta, from Abu an-Nadr, from Ubayd ibn Hunayn, from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was sitting on the pulpit and said: a servant to whom Allah gave the choice between what He willed of the finest of this world and what is with Him, and he chose what is with Him. Abu Bakr said: may our fathers and mothers be ransomed for you, O Messenger of Allah! We were astonished, and the people said: look at this old man informing the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, about a servant to whom Allah gave the choice, and he says: may our fathers and mothers be ransomed for you! The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was himself the one given the choice, and Abu Bakr was the most knowledgeable of us about him. The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: the man whose company and wealth have made me most secure is Abu Bakr; if I were to take a close friend, I would take Abu Bakr as a close friend; but it is the brotherhood of Islam: leave no window in the mosque, apart from the window of Abu Bakr. Agreed upon its authenticity.
And Abu 'Awanah said, from Abd al-Malik ibn 'Umayr, from Ibn Abi al-Mu'alla, from his father, from the Prophet, peace be upon him, mentioning something similar, and the first is more authentic.
And from Abu Hurayrah, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: no one has wealth spent with us but that We have repaid it to him, apart from Abu Bakr: with Us he has a wealth by which Allah will reward him on the Day of resurrection; no wealth ever benefited me as the wealth of Abu Bakr benefited me; if I were to take a close friend, I would take Abu Bakr as a close friend; know that your companion is the close friend of Allah. Al-Tirmidhi said: a hasan gharib hadith.
And likewise he said it in the hadith of Kathir an-Nawa', from Jumay' ibn 'Umayr, from Ibn Umar: the Prophet, peace be upon him, said to Abu Bakr: you are my companion at the basin and my companion in the cave.
And it is narrated from al-Qasim, from Aisha, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: it does not befit a people among whom is Abu Bakr that another should lead them in prayer. Unique through 'Isa ibn Maymun, from al-Qasim, and it is an abandoned (matruk) hadith.
And Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mut'im said: my father informed me that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and spoke to him about a matter, and he ordered her something, and she said: what if, O Messenger of Allah, I do not find you? He said: if you do not find me, go to Abu Bakr. Agreed upon its authenticity.
And Abu Bakr al-Hadhli said, from al-Hasan, from Ali, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered Abu
Bakr to lead the people in prayer, and I was a witness while I was not sick, and we rejoiced
over what was near to us: over what the Prophet, peace be upon him, was content with for our religion.
And Salih ibn Kaysan said, from al-Zuhri, from 'Urwah, from Aisha, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to me in his illness: call me your father and your brother so that I may write a document: I fear that a desirer may desire and a sayer may say, while Allah and the believers accept none but Abu Bakr. This hadith is authentic.
And Nafi' ibn Umar said: Ibn Abi Mulaykah narrated to us, from Aisha, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said in his illness: call me Abu Bakr and his son so that he may write, for fear that a desirer may covet the affair of Abu Bakr and a sayer may say, then he said: Allah and the Muslims do not accept that. Many strengthen it, among them Abd al-'Aziz ibn Rufay', from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, and the wording is: Allah forbids that the believers should disagree over Abu Bakr.
And Zaydah said, from 'Asim, from Dharr, from Abdallah, who said: when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed away, the Helpers said: from us a commander and from you a commander. Umar came to them and said: do you not know that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer? Which of you approves of placing himself before Abu Bakr? They said: we seek protection with Allah from placing ourselves before Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.
And al-Bukhari brought out, from the hadith of Abu Idris al-Khawlani, who said: I heard Abu al-Darda say: there occurred between Abu Bakr and Umar an altercation, and Abu Bakr made Umar angry, and Umar went away from him angry, and Abu Bakr followed him asking him to seek forgiveness for him, and he did not do it, until he closed his door in Abu Bakr's face. Abu Bakr then came to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Abu al-Darda said: and we were with him. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: as for your companion,
he has exposed himself. He said: Umar regretted his attitude, came, greeted, sat with the Prophet, peace be upon him, and related to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, the news. Abu al-Darda said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, became angry, and Abu Bakr kept saying: by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, it is I who was unjust.
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: will you not leave me my companion? I said: O people, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all, and you said: you lie, and Abu Bakr said: you speak the truth.
And Abu Dawud brought out, from the hadith of Abd al-Salam ibn Harb, from Abu Khalid al-Dalani, who said: Abu Khalid, the freed slave of Ju'dah, narrated to me, from Abu Hurayrah, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: Jibril came to me, took my hand and showed me the gate by which my community will enter Paradise. Abu Bakr said: I wish I had been with you to see it. He said: you will be the first of my community to enter Paradise. Abu Khalid the freed slave of Ju'dah is known only through this hadith.
And Isma'il ibn Sumay' said, from Muslim al-Batini, from Abu al-Bakhtari, who said: Umar said to Abu Ubaydah: stretch out your hand so that I may pledge allegiance to you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: you are the trustee of this community. He said: I will not place myself before a man whom the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered to lead our prayer. So we pledged allegiance until the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
And Abu Bakr ibn 'Ayyash said: Abu Bakr is the caliph of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in the Quran: for the Quran says of the Emigrants: those are the truthful (Surah al-Hujurat, verse 15): he whom Allah names truthful does not lie; they named him and said: O caliph of the Messenger of Allah.
And Ibrahim ibn Tahman said, from Khalid al-Hadha', from Humayd ibn Hilal,
who said: when Abu Bakr received the allegiance, he rose in the morning with cloths on his shoulder. Umar said: what is this? He said: I have children to provide for. Umar said: go, Abu Ubaydah will assign you an allowance for it. So we went to Abu Ubaydah, who said: I assign you the food of a man of the Emigrants and his clothing, and to you the back of the house.
And Aisha said: when Abu Bakr was made caliph, he cast every dinar and every dirham that was with him into the house of the treasury, and said: I used to trade with this and seek it; since they have entrusted me with their affair, it occupies me.
And 'Ata ibn al-Sa'ib said: when Abu Bakr was made caliph, he rose in the morning with cloths on his neck with which he traded. Umar and Abu Ubaydah met him and spoke to him, and he said: with what then shall I feed my children? They said: go, we shall assign you an allowance for it. He said: they assigned him each day half a sheep, and clothed him with head and belly, and Umar said: to you the judgment, and Abu Ubaydah said: to you the goods of peace. Umar said: for the month, there came to him that over which two persons disputed.
And from Maymun ibn Mihran, who said: they assigned him two thousand and five hundred.
And Muhammad ibn Sirin said: Abu Bakr was, after the Prophet, peace be upon him, the most clear-sighted of this community in dream.
And al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar said, from some of his elders: the orators of the Companions: Abu Bakr and Ali.
And 'Anbasah ibn Abd al-Wahid said: Yunus narrated to me, from Ibn Shihab, from
'Urwah, from Aisha: she would curse whoever claimed that Abu Bakr had said these verses, and she said: by Allah, Abu Bakr said no poetry, neither in the Jahiliyyah nor in Islam; and he and Uthman had already left the drinking of wine in the Jahiliyyah.
And Kathir an-Nawa' said, from Abu Ja'far al-Baqir: this verse came down concerning Abu Bakr, Umar and Ali: {And We shall strip away all rancor from their breasts: they will feel as brothers} (Surah al-Hijr, verse 47).
And Husayn said, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla: Umar mounted the pulpit, then said: know that the best of this community after its prophet is Abu Bakr; whoever said otherwise after this standing of mine would be a forger of lies, he would carry what the forger of lies carries.
And Abu Mu'awiyah and a group said: Suhayl ibn Abi Salih narrated to us, from his father, from Ibn Umar, who said: we used to say in the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him: when Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman are gone, the people will all be of equal level; this reached the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and he did not disapprove of it.
And Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: the best of this community after its prophet is Abu Bakr, then Umar. Such, by Allah the Great, is what Ali said, and it is very numerous (mutawatir) from him; for he said it on the pulpit in Kufa: may the curse of Allah be upon the Rafidites, what ignorance is theirs!
And al-Suddi said, from Abd Khayr, from Ali, who said: the man with the greatest reward for the codices of the Quran is Abu Bakr: he was the first to gather the Quran between the two boards. Its chain is good (hasan).
And 'Aqil said, from al-Zuhri, that Abu Bakr and al-Harith ibn Kaladah ate of fresh meat (khazirah) offered
to Abu Bakr, and al-Harith said: withdraw your hand, O caliph of the Messenger of Allah; by Allah, there is in this dish a poison that lasts a year, and you and I will die the same day. It is said: they both remained sick
until they died the same day, at the end of the year.
And from Aisha, who says: the beginning of the illness of Abu Bakr was that he performed the major ablution; it was a cold day, he had fever for fifteen days without going out to prayer, and he ordered Umar to lead the prayer. They visited him, and Uthman pressed them to visit him in his illness. He died on the evening of the night of Tuesday, eight nights remaining of Jumada al-Akhirah, and his caliphate lasted two years and one hundred days.
And Abu Ma'shar said: two years and four months less four nights, at the age of sixty-three years.
And al-Waqidi said: Ibn Abi Sabrah informed me, from Abd al-Majid ibn Suhayl, from Abu Salamah. He said: Bardan ibn Abi an-Nadr informed us, from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim at-Taymi; and 'Amr ibn Abd Allah informed us, from Abu an-Nadr, from Abdallah an-Nakha'i, the accounts of some of them interlacing into the others: Abu Bakr, when the illness became heavy upon him, called Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and said: inform me about Umar. He said: you ask me about no matter without your knowing more about it than I. He said: and yet. He said: by Allah, he is better than your opinion of him. Then he called Uthman and questioned him about Umar, and he said: my knowledge of him is that his inward is better than his outward, and that among us there is none his like. He said: may Allah have mercy on you; by Allah, if I had left it, I would not have preceded you. And he consulted with the two of them, Sa'id ibn Zayd, Usayd ibn Hudhayr and others. Someone said: what will you say to your Lord if He questions you about having appointed Umar successor, while you see his severity? He said: seat me up; you fear for me! I say: I have appointed for them the best of them.
Then he called Uthman and said: write: "In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy. This is what Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafah enjoins, at the last moment of his stay in this world, going out from it, and at the first moment of his stay in the hereafter, entering it: the moment when the disbeliever believes, the sinner attains certainty and the liar speaks the truth. I appoint after me Umar ibn al-Khattab: listen to him and obey him. I have not withheld wealth with me for Allah, for His Messenger, for his religion, for my own person or for you. If he is just, that is my thought and my knowledge of him; if he changes, to each what he earns, and I have aimed at good, and I do not know the unseen: {those who did wrong will soon know what reversal they will meet} (Surah ash-Shu'ara, verse 227)."
And some said in this account: when Uthman wrote the letter, Abu Bakr lost consciousness, and Uthman wrote the name of Umar of his own judgment. When Abu Bakr came to, he said: read what you have written. He read; when "Umar" was mentioned, Abu Bakr pronounced the takbir and said: I see you feared discord if my soul escaped; may Allah reward you with good for Islam; by Allah, you are worthy of it.
And 'Alwan ibn Dawud al-Bajali said, from Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Salih ibn Kaysan, from
Humayd ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, from his father. And al-Layth ibn Sa'd narrated it, from 'Alwan, from Salih himself, who said: I entered upon Abu Bakr to ask for his healing in his illness; I greeted him and asked him: how did you rise this morning? He said: by the praise of Allah, in good health. As for me, I am in what you see of pain, and you have given me an occupation with my pain: I have established for you a covenant after me and I have chosen for you, within my soul, the best of you; let each of you flare his nostril over it, hoping that the affair be his.
Then he said: as for me, I care about nothing except three things that I have done, three that I have not done, and three about which I would have wished to have asked the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. I would have wished not to have searched the house of Fatimah and to have left it, even had it been shut to ruins; I would have wished
on the day of the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah to have cast the affair upon the neck of Umar or Abu Ubaydah; I would have wished to have sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to the people of the riddah and to have remained myself at Dhu al-Qassah: then the Muslims would have been victorious, otherwise I would have been for them support and protection; I would have wished, on the day I brought al-Ash'ath back a prisoner, to have struck off his neck, for it seems to me that no evil arrives but that he flies to it; I would have wished, on the day I brought al-Fuja'ah al-Sulami back, to have burned him, or killed him, or freed him; I would have wished, when I sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to Syria, to send Umar ibn al-Khattab to Iraq: I would then have extended my right and my left in the way of Allah; and I would have wished to have asked the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him: "this affair, who will be its holder, without his family disputing it with him?", and to have asked Him whether the Ansar had a share in this affair, and to have asked Him about the paternal aunt and the daughter of the brother, for I have within my soul a need concerning them. Narrated thus, and at greater length, by Ibn Wahb, from al-Layth ibn Sa'd, from Salih ibn Kaysan; Ibn 'Ayyash narrated it likewise.
And Muhammad ibn 'Amr ibn 'Alqamah ibn Waqqas said, from his father, from his grandfather, that Aisha said: I was present at the death of my father; a swoon seized him, and he recited:
"He whose tears remain veiled ... will surely one day need to be wiped"
He raised his head and said: O my daughter, not thus, but as Allah the Most High said: {The agony of death brings forth the truth: that is what you used to shun} (Surah Qaf, verse 19).
And Musa al-Juhani said, from Abu Bakr ibn Hafs ibn Umar, that Aisha recited, when Abu Bakr was in the throes of death:
"By your life, wealth avails the young man nothing ... on the day the choking comes and the breast grows tight"
He said: not thus, but: {The agony of death brings forth the truth}. I have made you inherit an orchard; and I have within my soul something of it, and I would have wished to give it as inheritance. She said: yes. He said: as for us, since we have been charged with the affair of the Muslims, we have not
eaten for them a dinar or a dirham; but we have eaten in our bellies of their coarse meal, and we have carried on our shoulders of their rough clothing; and of the goods taken from the Muslims we have nothing but this Abyssinian slave and this watering camel and this small lot of striped cloth. When I die, send them to Umar. She did so.
And al-Qasim, from Aisha: Abu Bakr, when death seized him, said: I know nothing in the family of Abu Bakr but this lancet and this well-mannered young lad: he used to forge the swords of the Muslims and serve us. When I die, hand him over to Umar. When Umar received him from her, he said: may Allah have mercy on Abu Bakr: he has wearied the one who comes after him.
And al-Zuhri said: Abu Bakr enjoined that his wife Asma bint Umays should wash him, and if she could not, that she should have help from her son Abd al-Rahman.
And Abd al-Wahid ibn Ayyaman and others, from Abu Ja'far al-Baqir, who said: Ali entered upon Abu Bakr after he had been shrouded, and said: none will meet Allah with his record more beloved than this shrouded dead.
And from al-Qasim, who said: Abu Bakr enjoined that he be buried beside the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him; a grave was dug for him, and his head was placed at the level of the shoulder of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
And from 'Amir ibn Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr, who said: the head of Abu Bakr is at the level of the shoulder of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the head of Umar at the level of the flanks of Abu Bakr.
And Aisha said: he died in the night of Tuesday and was buried before morning.
And from Mujahid, who said: Abu Quhafah was asked about his share of inheritance from his son; he said: I have returned it to his children. Then he lived after him only six months and some days.
It has reached us that his heirs were his father and his two wives Asma bint Umays and Habibah bint
Kharijah, mother of Umm Kulthum, and Abd al-Rahman, Muhammad, Aisha, Asma and Umm Kulthum.
It is said that a Jew poisoned him at a banquet, and that he died a year later; he was sixty-three years old, may Allah be pleased with him and may Allah accept him.
Musa ibn Anas ibn Malik said: Abu Bakr appointed his father Anas over Bahrain.
And Khalifah said: Abu Bakr sent Ziyad ibn Labid to Yemen, or else al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayyah, and appointed the other over Qudamah, and confirmed Uthman ibn Abi al-'As over Ta'if. When he performed the pilgrimage, he appointed in al-Madinah
Qatadah ibn an-Nu'man as his deputy. His secretary was Uthman ibn Affan, and his freed slave Saddad performed the pilgrimage on his behalf. It is said that Zayd ibn Thabit wrote for him; his vizier was Umar ibn al-Khattab, who was also his judge, and his muezzin was Sa'd al-Qaraz, freed slave of 'Ammar ibn Yasir.
Hisham ibn 'Urwah said, from his father, from Aisha: the Prophet, peace be upon him, died while Abu Bakr was at al-Sunh. Umar said: by Allah, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, has not died. Umar said:
by Allah, nothing settled in my mind except that, and that Allah would resurrect him to cut off the hands and legs of men. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq came, uncovered the face of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, kissed him and said: may my father and my mother be your ransom; you are sweet in death as in life; by Him in whose hand is my soul, Allah will never make you taste two deaths. Then he went out and said: O you who gird yourself upon your mount. When Abu Bakr spoke, Umar sat down. He said, after praising Allah and thanking Him: whoever worshipped Muhammad: Muhammad has died; whoever worships Allah: Allah is living and does not die. And he recited: {You will surely die, and they will die too} (Surah az-Zumar, verse 30), and recited: {Muhammad is only a messenger: messengers before him have passed away. If he dies, then, or is killed, will you turn back on your heels?} (Surah Al 'Imran, verse 144). The people burst out weeping. The Ansar gathered around Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah and said: from us a commander and from you a commander.
Abu Bakr, Umar and Abu Ubaydah went to them; Umar began to speak, but Abu Bakr silenced him. Umar used to say: by Allah, I wanted nothing by that but to compose a speech pleasing to me, fearing that Abu Bakr would surpass it; then he spoke and surpassed it. He said in his speech: we are the commanders and you are the viziers. Al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir said: no, by Allah, never: from us a commander and from you a commander. Abu Bakr said: no, but we are the commanders and you the viziers; Quraysh is the middle of the Arabs in place and the noblest of them in lineage; pledge allegiance to Umar ibn al-Khattab or to Abu Ubaydah. Umar said: no, but it is you whom we shall pledge allegiance to: you are the best of us, our master and the most beloved to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. And Umar took his hand and pledged allegiance to him, and the people pledged allegiance to him. Someone said: you have killed Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah. Umar said: may Allah kill Sa'd. Narrated from him by Sulayman ibn Bilal, and its chain is authentic.
And Malik said, from al-Zuhri, from Ubaydallah, from Ibn Abbas: Umar addressed the people and said in his speech: it has reached me that an orator said: "if Umar died, I would pledge allegiance to so-and-so". Let no one be deceived into saying:
the allegiance of Abu Bakr was a stroke of audacity, and there is not
among you a horse with slit nostrils that would race to it as Abu Bakr did. He was the best of us. When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, died, the Emigrants gathered; Ali and al-Zubayr and the people of the house of Fatimah, daughter of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, held back, and the Ansar held back in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah. I said: O Abu Bakr, let us go to our brothers among the Ansar. So we set out, to give them the imamah, and we met two virtuous men among the Ansar, who said: nothing weighs upon you if you do not join them and if you settle your affair. I said: by Allah, we shall go to them. So we joined them in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah: there they were gathered around a man wrapped in garments. I said: who is this? They said: Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, sick. We sat down, and their orator rose, praised Allah as He deserves, then said: as for us: we are the Ansar, the battalion of faith; and you, O assembly of the Emigrants, you are a clan of ours: your clan has come to us, the one that wants to cut us off from our root and push us aside from the affair.
Umar said: when he fell silent, I wanted to deliver a speech that had pleased me before in the presence of Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr said: upon your mount. And I knew his measure; I hated to anger him, for he was better than me, happier and more revered. Then he spoke: by Allah, he left no word pleasing to me unsaid, and said it better still; until I fell silent. Then he said: as for us: all the good you have mentioned is with you, O assembly of the Ansar: you are its people and its best; but the Arabs will never know this affair except through this clan of Quraysh: they are the middle of the Arabs in lineage and in place. I am content for you with one of these two men: pledge allegiance to whichever you wish. And he took my hand and the hand of Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah and said: I detest nothing of what he said except that; it would be, by Allah, that I step forward and have my neck struck, that would not bring me closer to a sin, and it is not dearer to me to be made commander over a people among whom is Abu Bakr, unless my soul change at death. A man of the Ansar said: I am the polished whetstone and the little vessel full of foam: from us a commander and from you a commander, O assembly of the Emigrants. The clamor multiplied and the voices rose, until I feared discord. I said: stretch out your hand, O Abu Bakr. He stretched out his hand: I pledged allegiance to him, the Emigrants pledged allegiance to him, the Ansar pledged allegiance to him, and they rushed upon Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah. Someone said: you have
killed Sa'd. I said: may Allah kill Sa'd. Umar said: by Allah, we found nothing, in what we saw present, a matter more fortunate than the allegiance of Abu Bakr; we feared, if we parted from the people without there being an allegiance, that they would raise up after us an allegiance: then either we would have seen them pledge allegiance to what does not please us, or we would have opposed them, which would have been corruption.
Narrated by Yunus ibn Yazid, from al-Zuhri, in full, who added to it: Umar said: "Let no one be deceived into saying: the allegiance of Abu Bakr was a stroke of audacity and it was carried out. It was indeed so, but Allah turned away its evil. Whoever pledges allegiance to a man without deliberation: he and the one who pledges allegiance to him risk being killed." Agreed upon its authenticity.
And 'Asim ibn Bahdalah said, from Zirr, from Abdallah, who said: when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had passed away, the Ansar said: from us a commander and from you a commander. Umar came to them and said: O assembly of the Ansar, do you not know that Abu Bakr received from the Prophet, peace be upon him, the order to lead the prayer before the people? They said: yes. He said: which of you would approve of getting ahead of Abu Bakr? He meant in
the prayer. The Ansar said: we seek refuge with Allah from getting ahead of Abu Bakr. Narrated by the people, from Zaydah, from him.
And Yazid ibn Harun said: al-'Awwam ibn Hawshab informed us, from Ibrahim at-Taymi, who said: when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had passed away, Umar went to Abu Ubaydah and said: stretch out your hand, that I may pledge allegiance to you, for you are the man of trust of this community on the tongue of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
Abu Ubaydah said to Umar: I have not seen you turned head before this since you embraced Islam: would you pledge allegiance to me while as-Siddiq, the second of two, is among you?
And the like is narrated, from Muslim al-Batini, from Abu al-Bakhtari.
And Ibn 'Awn said, from Ibn Sirin: Abu Bakr said to Umar: stretch out your hand, that we may pledge allegiance to you. Umar said: you are better than me. Abu Bakr said: you are stronger than me. He said: my strength is for you along with your superiority.
And Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Ansari said, from al-Qasim: when the Prophet, peace be upon him, died, the Ansar gathered around Sa'd; Abu Bakr and a group came to them; al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir, who had witnessed Badr, rose and said: from us a commander and from you a commander.
And Huwayyib said: Dawud ibn Abi Hind narrated to us, from Abu Nadrah, from Abu Sa'id, who said: when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, died, the orators of the Ansar rose, and among them was one who said: O assembly of the Emigrants, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, whenever he appointed a man of you, joined to him a man of ours; we therefore see that this affair be entrusted to two men, of ours and of yours. And the orators of the Ansar followed one another in this. Zayd ibn Thabit rose and said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was of the Emigrants, and the imam is of the Emigrants, and we are his supporters, as we were the supporters of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Abu Bakr rose and said:
may Allah reward you with good, O people of the Ansar, and make firm your word; otherwise, by Allah, if you did other than this, we would not be at peace with you. Then Zayd took the hand of Abu Bakr and said: this is your companion: pledge allegiance to him. When Abu Bakr sat on the pulpit, he looked at the faces of the people and did not see Ali; he asked about him; some men of the Ansar rose and went to fetch him. Abu Bakr said: cousin of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his ward of circumcision: did you want to break the staff of the Muslims? He said: this is no reproach, O caliph of the Messenger of Allah. And he pledged allegiance to him. Then he did not see al-Zubayr; he asked about him until they brought him, and he said: nephew of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his disciple: did you want to break the staff of the Muslims? He said: this is no reproach, O caliph of the Messenger of Allah. And both pledged allegiance to him.
Ahmad narrated part of this, in his "Musnad", up to his words: "we would not be at peace with you", from 'Affan, from Huwayyib. And a reliable man narrated it in full, from 'Affan.
And al-Zuhri said, from Ubaydallah, from Ibn Abbas: Umar said in his speech: Ali and al-Zubayr
and those with them held back from us, and the Ansar all together held back from us: they gathered in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah, and the Emigrants gathered around Abu Bakr. While we were in the house of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, a man called out from behind the wall: come out, O ibn al-Khattab. I went out, and he said: the Ansar have gathered: join them before they raise up an affair that would be between us and them and in which there would be war. And in the account: the Emigrants and the Ansar followed him, they rushed upon Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah, and someone said: you have killed Sa'd. Umar said: I said, in anger: may Allah kill Sa'd, for he is the man of an evil fitnah.
And this is from the account of Juwayriyah ibn Asma', from Malik. And al-Zubayr
ibn Bakkar narrated likewise, from Ibn 'Uyaynah, from al-Zuhri.
And Abu Bakr al-Hudhali said, from al-Hasan, from Qays ibn 'Abbad and Ibn al-Kuwa', that Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, recalled his journey and the allegiance of the Emigrants to Abu Bakr, and said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did not die a sudden death: he was ill for nights; Bilal came to him and pressed him with the prayer, and he said: "order Abu Bakr to lead the prayer". A woman of his wives wanted to turn him toward another, and he became angry and said: "you are like the women of Yusuf". When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had passed away, we chose, and the Emigrants and the Muslims chose for their religion the one whom the Messenger of Allah had chosen for their dunya, and the prayer was the greatest of the affair and the pillar of the religion.
And al-Walid ibn Muslim said: Muhammad ibn Harb narrated to me, who said: al-Zubaydi narrated to us, who said: al-Zuhri narrated to me, from Anas, that he heard the last speech of Umar: when Abu Bakr sat on the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, on the day after the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, Umar pronounced the tashahhud, then said: as for us: I told you yesterday a word, and it was not as I said it; and I found nothing, in the word I told you, in the Book of Allah nor in the covenant that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had left; but I hoped that he would live until he settled our affairs for us: he meant until the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, would be the last of us. So Allah chose for His Messenger what is with Him over what is with you. If the Messenger of Allah has died, then, Allah has established between your shoulders this Book by which He guided Muhammad: hold fast to it, you will be guided by that by which Muhammad, peace be upon him, was guided. Then he recalled Abu Bakr, companion of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and second of two, and that he is the most worthy of the people of their affair: rise and pledge allegiance to him. Now part of them had already pledged allegiance to him before that in the Saqifah of Banu Sa'idah, and the allegiance on the pulpit was the allegiance of the common people. Authentic, unique (sahih gharib).
And Musa ibn 'Uqbah said, from Sa'd ibn Ibrahim: my father narrated to me that his father Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf was with Umar, and that Muhammad ibn Maslamah broke the sword of al-Zubayr, then Abu Bakr addressed the people and excused himself to them, and said: by Allah, I was never
greedy for the imamah, neither by day nor by night, and I did not ask it of Allah in secret nor in public.
The Emigrants accepted his word. And Ali and al-Zubayr said: we became angry only because we were kept away from the deliberation, and we see that Abu
Bakr is the most worthy of the people of that after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him: he is the companion of the cave, and we know his nobility and his good; and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had ordered him to lead the prayer before the people while he lived.
And it was said that Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, held apart from the allegiance for a time. Yunus ibn Bukayr said, from Ibn Ishaq: Salih ibn Kaysan narrated to me, from 'Urwah, from Aisha, who says: when Fatimah died, six months after the death of her father, the family of Ali gathered at his house, and they sent word to Abu Bakr: come to us. Umar said: no, by Allah, I will not go to them. Abu Bakr said: by Allah, I will go to them, and what do you fear of them? He came to them and entered upon them; he praised Allah, then said: I have known your view: you found fault within yourselves over these goods of which I was made guardian over you; by Allah, I did that only because I did not want to consume anything of the affair of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, whose effect and putting into practice I saw for others, until I follow its path and fulfill it in what Allah established; and by Allah, your root is dearer to me than that my own family should attain kinship with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the greatness of his right.
Then he pronounced the tashahhud, and it was said: O Abu Bakr, by Allah, our souls did not turn away from you over a good that Allah had set aside for you, or from you being worthy of what was narrated to you; but we were, in the affair, where you knew, and you made us pass beyond it; we found within ourselves that you are the most worthy of the people of the affair after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and I saw that I should pledge allegiance and enter into that which the people enter: when evening comes, lead the dhuhr prayer before the people and sit on the pulpit until I come to you and pledge allegiance to you. When Abu Bakr led the dhuhr prayer, he mounted the pulpit; he praised Allah and thanked Him, recalled what had occurred of the affair of Ali and what had entered into it of the affair of the community and the allegiance: here he is, hear it from him. Ali rose; he praised Allah and thanked Him, then recalled Abu Bakr, his superiority and his Sunnah, and that he is worthy of this good that Allah lavished upon him; then he stepped forward to Abu Bakr and pledged allegiance to him.
Al-Bukhari narrated it, from the account of 'Aqil, from al-Zuhri, from 'Urwah, from Aisha, and it has: Ali had, among the people, a standing by reason of the life of Fatimah; when she died, Ali blamed the faces of the people, and he sought to be reconciled with Abu Bakr and to pledge allegiance to him.
Sayf ibn Umar al-Tamimi said: al-Mustanir ibn Yazid al-Nakha'i narrated to us, from 'Urwah ibn Ghaziyah, from al-Dahhak ibn Fayruz al-Daylami, from his father, who said: the first riddah in Islam was, in the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, at the hand of 'Abhalah ibn Ka'b, who is al-Aswad, among the tribe of Madhhij: he emerged after the pilgrimage of the Farewell,
he was a sorcerer who showed them marvels and captivated the hearts of whoever heard his speech; he and Madhhij surged from Najran until marching on Sana'a and seizing it; he laid hold of Farwah, of the Taym, because of his Islam. And al-Aswad did not write to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, for there was with him no one to restrain him; and the kingdom of Yemen was described to him.
Sayf narrated, from Sahl ibn Yusuf, from his father, from Ubayd ibn Sakhr, who said: while we were at al-Jund, having established them over what was fitting, and having written
between us and them the covenants, a letter of al-Aswad reached us: that you withhold from us what you had taken of our land, and that you levy what you had amassed, for we are the most worthy of it, and that you remain upon what you are. While we were examining our affair, we were told: this al-Aswad has seduced Shu'ub, and Shahr ibn Badham has advanced toward him. Then the news reached us that he had killed Shahr and routed the Abna', and that he had retaken Sana'a after twenty-five nights, and that Mu'adh had fled until he passed by Abu Musa al-Ash'ari at Ma'rib, and they entered Hadramawt by force.
And al-Aswad seized what is between the districts of Ta'if and Bahrain and others; he began to whirl like the whirlwind of a fire, and he had seven hundred horsemen on the day he met Shahr. His commanders were Qays ibn Abd Yaghuth, Yazid ibn Makhzum, so-and-so and so-and-so. His affair thickened and he seized the greater part of Yemen; a crowd apostatized with him, and the Muslims dealt with him by dissimulation (taqiyyah). His lieutenant among Madhhij was 'Amr ibn Ma'dikarib; he entrusted the affair of his troops to Qays ibn Abd Yaghuth, and the affair of the Abna' to Fayruz al-Daylami and to Dhadawayh. When he became strong in the land, he treated them with disdain, and married the wife of Shahr, who was the cousin of Fayruz. He said: while we were thus at Hadramawt, without assurance that al-Aswad would not march on us, and Mu'adh had settled at al-Sakun, the letters of the Prophet, peace be upon him, reached us, ordering in them to send the men to assail him and strike him from afar. Mu'adh rose for that, and we knew strength and we confided in victory.
And Sayf said: al-Mustanir narrated to us, from 'Urwah, from al-Dahhak ibn Fayruz, from Jashnash ibn al-Daylami, who said: Wabr ibn Yuhannis
came to us with the letter of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordering us to rise against the affair of al-Aswad. We saw a weighty matter, and we saw that al-Aswad had turned against Qays ibn Abd Yaghuth: we informed Qays and conveyed to him the word of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him; it was as if we had seized him, and he answered us. Wabr came, we wrote to the people and called them. The demon of al-Aswad informed him, and he sent word to Qays: what does the king say? He said: the king says: I have looked toward Qays and honored him, until every approach of yours inclines toward the inclination of your enemy. He swore to him and retracted. He said: do you call the king a liar? He spoke the truth, and I have known that you have turned back. Qays came to us and informed us, and we said: be on your guard. Al-Aswad sent us word: have I not established you master over your people? Has nothing reached me from you? We said: our time has passed. He said: let no word reach me from you, or I kill you. We escaped and we nearly failed, and he was in suspicion about our affair. We wrote to 'Amir ibn Shahr, to Dhu al-Kala' and to Dhu Thulaym, and ordered them to undertake nothing. I entered upon his wife 'Azzah
and said: O daughter of my uncle, you have known the trial of this man, the killing of your husband and of your people, and his dishonoring of the women: is there a means of reaching him? She said: Allah created nothing more hateful to me than him: he never rises for Allah upon the truth, and never turns away from the forbidden.
She went out, and there were Fayruz and Dhadawayh waiting for me; Qays came, and we wanted to confront him; a man said before he sat down: the king calls you. He entered among ten, without being able to kill him among them. He said: I am 'Abhalah: do you seek protection in men? Did I not tell you the truth, and you tell me the lie: you want to kill me! He said: how, when you are the messenger of Allah? Spare me what I love; as for fear and dread, I am in them: kill me then and relieve me. He was clement with him and let him go out. He came out to us and said: do your work. Al-Aswad came out to us in assembly, and we rose against him; at the gate were one hundred cows and camels to be slaughtered. Then he said: is what has reached me of you true, O Fayruz? I nearly resolved to kill you. He said: you chose us for your allies by marriage and preferred us to the Abna', and that gathered for us the affair of the hereafter and that of this world: do not then accept against us the words that are related to you.
He said: divide this, and he had the troop take the slaughtered beasts and the people of the house the cow. Then he conversed with the woman, and she said: he is on his guard, and the guards surround the palace, except this gate: come back upon him, and prepare for us a lamp. She went out, and al-Aswad met me coming out of the palace; he said: what made you enter? And he struck my head and I fell. The woman cried out and said: my cousin came to see me. He said: be silent, would that you had no father: I granted him to you.
I came to my companions and said: deliverance! And I related to them the news; I was upon that when his messenger came to me: do not leave what you left me upon. We said to Fayruz: go to her and bring our affair to a good end; we came by night and entered, and there was a lamp under a basin; we shielded ourselves with Fayruz, and he was our most useful succor. When he approached the house, he heard a loud snoring, and there was the woman sitting. When Fayruz stood at the door, al-Aswad seated his demon and spoke to it, and said: and also, what is there between me and you, O Fayruz! He feared that if he turned back, he and the woman would perish; he therefore hastened and threw himself upon him, he who was like a camel; he seized him by the head, struck his nape and killed him. Then he rose to go out, and the woman seized him by his garment pleading with him; he said: inform my companions of his death. He came to us, and we rose with him; we wanted to saw his head, but the demon shook it and it trembled, and we could not hold it. He said: sit upon his chest.
Two sat, and the woman seized him by the hair; we heard a gurgling and we muzzled him with a cloth. The knife was commanded upon his throat, and he bellowed as a bull bellows with force. The guards hurried to the door: what is this? What is this? She said: the prophet is receiving inspiration. He said: and we passed our night; how should we inform our partisans? We agreed upon the call by our signal, then by the adhan. When dawn rose, Dhadawayh called
the signal, and the Muslims and the disbelievers started up; the guards gathered and surrounded us, then the adhan was called, and their horses arrived at a gallop toward the guards, and we called to them: I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah and that 'Abhalah is a liar; and we threw them the head; and Wabr established the prayer, and the people fell upon it as on a raid, and we called: O people of Sana'a, whoever catches an intruder clings to him. The plundering and the capturing multiplied, and Sana'a and al-Jund were delivered, and Allah
honored Islam. We disputed the imamah, and the companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, arbitrated; we agreed upon Mu'adh ibn Jabal, and he led the prayer before us, and we wrote to the Prophet, peace be upon him, the good news; our messengers arrived, and the Prophet, peace be upon him, had passed away that very morning: Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, answered us.
And al-Waqidi narrated from his men, who said: Abu Bakr sent Qays ibn Makhshuh to Yemen, and he killed al-Aswad al-Ansi, he and Fayruz al-Daylami. This Qays has accounts: he had apostatized, then the Muslims captured him and Abu Bakr pardoned him, and he was killed with Ali at Siffin.
Hisham ibn 'Urwah said, from his father, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, kept saying in his illness: "carry out the army of Usamah". He marched until reaching al-Juruf; his wife Fatimah bint Qays sent him word: do not hasten, for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, is heavy. So he did not set out until the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had passed away. When he died, he came back to Abu Bakr and said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, sent me while I was in a state different from this present one of yours, and I fear that the Arabs may apostatize; if they apostatize, they will be the first whom we fight; if they do not apostatize, I shall set out, for with me are the servants of the people and their best. Abu Bakr addressed the people, then said: by Allah, that the birds carry me off is dearer to me than to begin with anything before the order of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. So Abu Bakr sent him, and asked Umar's permission to leave him with him, and he ordered, in combat, the cutting of the hands, the legs and the midst of the people. He said:
he marched and plundered, then they returned, having taken booty and safe.
Umar used to say: I never honored anyone with the imamah besides Usamah, for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, died while he was commander. He said: he marched, and when they drew near Syria, a dense mist seized them and covered them, until they plundered and attained their aim. He said: the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the raid of Usamah in the territory of his land reached Heraclius as one single news. The Romans said: how does their master die and they plunder our land?
And from al-Zuhri, who said: Usamah marched in Rabi' al-Awwal until reaching the land of Syria, and returned; his journey, going and coming back, was forty days.
It is said that he was twenty years old.
And Ibn Lahi'ah said, from Abu al-Aswad, from 'Urwah, who said: when they had finished the allegiance and the people were reassured, Abu Bakr said to Usamah ibn Zayd: set out toward your aim. Men of the Emigrants and the Ansar spoke to him and said: hold back Usamah and send him back: we fear that the Arabs may overwhelm us if they learn of the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
He said: should I hold back an army that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, has sent! He has ventured upon a great matter. By Him in whose hand is my soul: that the Arabs overwhelm me is dearer to me than to hold back an army that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, has sent. Set out, O Usamah, with your army toward the aim for which you were sent, then fight where the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, ordered you to fight, on the side of Palestine, and against the people of Mu'tah; Allah will suffice you for what you leave behind. But if you see fit to permit Umar, so that I may consult him and make use of him, do so. Usamah did so. Most of the Arabs returned upon their religion, as well as most of the people of the East and Ghatafan, and Assad, and most of the Ashja', while Tay' clung to Islam.
Al-Zuhri said, from 'Urwah, from Aisha: Fatimah asked Abu Bakr, after the death of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, that he share with her her inheritance of what the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had left of what Allah had brought back to him. He said to her: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "we do not leave inheritance: what we leave is alms". She became angry and broke with Abu Bakr until his death.
And the wives of the Prophet, peace be upon him, sent Uthman ibn Affan to Abu Bakr to ask him for their inheritance of what Allah had brought back to His Messenger; you saw me turning them back, and I said to them: fear Allah! Have you not heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: "we do not leave inheritance: what we leave is alms; the family of Muhammad eats of this wealth".
And Abu al-Zinad said, from al-A'raj, from Abu Hurayrah: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "My heirs will not divide a single dinar: what I leave, after the upkeep of my wives and the maintenance of my servant, is alms."
And Muhammad ibn al-Sa'ib (who is abandoned (matruk)) said, from Abu Salih, freed slave of Umm Hani, that Fatimah entered upon Abu Bakr and said: O Abu Bakr, what if I died today, who would inherit from you? He said: my family and my children.
She said: how could the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, inherit to the detriment of his family and his children! He said: what have I done, O daughter of the Messenger of Allah?
She said: do you not tell me yes, that you looked toward Fadak, and it was purely the Messenger of Allah's, peace be upon him, and you took it; and that you looked toward what Allah brought down of the fay', and you withheld it from us? He said: I did not do it: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, related to me that Allah sustains the prophet on this sustenance
as long as he lives; when He makes him pass away, He withdraws it. She said: you and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, are more knowledgeable; I shall question you no more after this sitting.
Ibn Fudayl said, from al-Walid ibn Jumay', from Abu al-Tufayl, who said: when the Prophet, peace be upon him, had passed away, Fatimah sent to Abu Bakr: are you the heir of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, or his family? He said: no, but his family. She said: where then is his share? He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: "when Allah gives a prophet a sustenance, then makes him pass away, He makes it be for the one who stands up after him". I have therefore seen that I return it to the Muslims. She said: you and what you heard from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, are more knowledgeable.
Ahmad narrated it in his "Musnad", and it is objectionable (munkar), and his words "no, but his family" have been criticized in it.
And al-Walid ibn Muslim and Umar ibn Abd al-Wahid said: Sidqah, Abu Mu'awiyah narrated to us, from Muhammad ibn Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr as-Siddiq, from Yazid al-Raqashi, from Anas: Fatimah came to Abu Bakr and said: I have known what has been left to us, the people of the house, of these alms. Then she recited to him: {Know that whatever spoils you take, the fifth is for Allah and for the Messenger} (Surah al-Anfal, verse 41), until the end
of the verse. He said to her: may my father and my mother be your ransom, as well as your father and your child; and upon Ali the hearing and the patience: the Book of Allah, the right of the Messenger and the right of his kin: I read from the Book of Allah what you read, and my knowledge of it does not reach that I should see the whole of this share of the fifth given to the kin of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, flowing to them and to their assembly. She said: is it then for you and your kin? He said: no; and you are with me worthy of trust and approved: had the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, made you a firm promise on this and promised you a promise, it would have been a right for you: I would have believed you and handed it to you. She said: no, except that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, when that was sent down upon him, said: "rejoice, O people of the house of Muhammad: ease has come to you". Abu Bakr said: you have spoken truly: the ease is yours; but my knowledge of it does not reach, nor through this verse, that this share be handed over entire, entire; but there is for you the ease that enriches you and remains beyond you: see then whether anyone of them agrees with you on this. She went therefore to Umar and spoke to him as she had spoken to Abu Bakr, and he said to her what Abu Bakr had opposed to her; she marveled at it and thought they had consulted together on this and joined upon it.
And through the chain up to Muhammad ibn Abdallah (without mention of al-Walid ibn Muslim), he said: al-Zuhri narrated to me, who said: someone who heard Ibn Abbas narrated to me that he said: Umar proposed to give us of the fay' according to the right he saw to be ours of that right, and we were diverted from it and said: to us belongs what Allah named of the right of the near kin, and it is the fifth
of the fifth. Umar said: what you claim is not your right: Allah established the fifth only for the categories He named, and He gave them in it a share according to the strongest of their need and the greatest of them in children. He said: Umar therefore gave, of the share of those of ours, of the fifth and of the fay', according to what he saw to be ours; and some people took that and some people left it.
And al-Zuhri recalled that Malik ibn Aws ibn al-Hadathan al-Nasri said: I was with Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, and he said to me: O Malik, some people of your family, the people of the houses, have arrived, and I have ordered for them an allowance: divide it among them. I said: you would order that to someone other than me. He said: take it, O man. And his chamberlain Yarfa came to him and said: do you wish to receive Uthman, al-Zubayr, Abd al-Rahman and Sa'd, who ask permission? He said: yes. They entered, greeted and sat down. Then Yarfa stayed a little, then said to Umar: do you wish to receive Ali and Abbas? He said: yes. When they entered, they greeted and sat down. Abbas said: O commander of the believers, judge between me and this unjust, sinful, deceiving, treacherous man; and they gestured at each other. Uthman and the others said: O commander of the believers, judge between the two of them and relieve the one of the other. He said: I ask you all, by Allah: do you know that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "we do not leave inheritance: what we leave is alms"? They said: he said that.
He said: I inform you about this affair: Allah had distinguished His Messenger in this fay' by something He had given to no other, and He said, the Most High: {And whatever Allah has given to His Messenger from the people of these towns: you pressed for it neither horses nor camels, but Allah gives authority to His messengers over whom He wills} (Surah al-Hashr, verse 6). It was therefore purely the Messenger of Allah's, peace be upon him; then, by Allah, he withheld none of it from you, nor kept any of it from you: he gave it to you and spread it among you, until there remained of it this wealth; and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, used to spend upon his family the expense of their year from this wealth, then put what remained into the treasury of Allah. I ask you, by Allah: do you know this? They said: yes. Allah made His Prophet pass away, and Abu Bakr said: I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him: he therefore took hold of it and dealt with it as the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had dealt with it; and you two claim that Abu Bakr is therein a liar, a sinner, a deceiver: Allah knows that he is therein truthful, beneficent, well guided. Then Allah made him pass away, and I said: I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the guardian of Abu Bakr: I therefore took hold of it, two years of my imamah, dealing with it
as he had dealt with it; and then there you are: Ali and Abbas advanced toward me, claiming that I am therein a liar, a sinner, a deceiver: Allah knows that I am therein truthful, beneficent, well guided, a follower of the truth. Then you came to me, and your word was one and your affair common: you came to me asking your share of your nephew, and this one came to me asking the share of his wife from her father. I said to both: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "we do not leave inheritance: what we leave is alms". When it appeared to me to hand it over to you both, I said: if you both wish, I hand it to you on condition that the covenant of Allah and His pact weigh upon you: you deal with it as the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, dealt with it and as Abu Bakr dealt with it; otherwise, do not speak to me. They said: hand it to us upon that. So I handed it to them upon that;
I ask you, by Allah: did I hand it to the two of them upon that? The group said: yes. He turned to Ali and Abbas and said: I ask you both, by Allah: did I hand it to you both upon that? They said: yes. He said: would you then seek from me a judgment other than that?
By Him by whose permission the heaven and the earth stand, I shall not judge in it other than that until the Hour rises; if you are incapable of that, hand it back to me and I will answer for it.
Al-Zuhri said: al-A'raj narrated to me that he heard Abu Hurayrah say: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: "By Him in whose hand is my soul: the heirs of my wealth will share nothing of what I have left: what we leave is alms." This alms was therefore in the hand of Ali, and Abbas disputed it with him; their lawsuit took place over it, and Umar refused to divide it between the two of them until Abbas withdrew from it and Ali disputed it with him. Then it was in the hand of al-Hasan, then in the hand of al-Husayn, then in the hand of Ali ibn al-Husayn and al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan, the two passing it to one another, then in the hand of Zayd: and it is truly the alms of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
When the death of the Prophet, peace be upon him, became known in the regions, many tribes of Arabs apostatized from Islam and refused the zakah. Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, rose to fight them, and Umar and others advised him to turn away from fighting them. He said: by Allah, if they withheld from me a halter or a she-goat they used to hand over to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, I would fight them for its refusal. Umar said: how to fight the people, when the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "I have been ordered to fight the people until they say: there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah; whoever says that has his wealth and his blood protected from me, except by his right, and his reckoning is with Allah"? Abu Bakr said: by Allah, I will surely fight the one who separates the prayer and the zakah, for the zakah is the right of wealth, and He said: "except by his right". Umar said: by Allah, no sooner had I seen Allah open the breast of Abu Bakr for the fight than I knew it was the truth.
And from 'Urwah and others, he said: Abu Bakr therefore set out with the Emigrants and the Ansar until reaching the distance of the throw of a sandal toward the Najd;
the Bedouins fled with their families. The people spoke to Abu Bakr, and said: return to al-Madinah, to your families and the women, and appoint a man over the army. They did not cease pressing him until he returned: he appointed Khalid ibn al-Walid, and said to him: if they embrace Islam and give the alms, then whoever of you wishes may return. And Abu Bakr returned to al-Madinah.
And another said: his departure was in Jumada al-Akhirah; he reached Dhu al-Qassah, which is two barids and some miles off on the side of the road of Iraq; he appointed as his deputy in al-Madinah Siba' al-Dammari, and Abdallah ibn Mas'ud over the guard of the approaches of al-Madinah.
And Ibn Lahi'ah said: Usamah ibn Zayd informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Handhalah ibn 'Ali al-Laythi, that Abu Bakr sent Khalid and ordered him to fight the people over the five: whoever neglects one of them, fight him as you would fight the one who neglects the five all together: the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger, the establishing of the prayer, the payment of the zakah and the fast of Ramadan.
And 'Urwah said, from Aisha: had the firm mountains received what Abu Bakr received, they would have broken under it: hypocrisy came out into the open in al-Madinah and the Arabs apostatized; by Allah, they did not diverge over a single spark but that my father seized its part for Islam.
And from Yazid ibn Ruman, that the people said to him: you will achieve nothing with this march by yourself, and you do not know toward whom you are going: appoint the one in whom you trust and return to al-Madinah, for you have left hypocrisy boiling there. So he tied the covenant over the people for Khalid, appointed Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas over the Ansar in particular, and ordered Khalid to hold firm before Tulayhah al-Asadi.
And from al-Zuhri, who said: Khalid ibn al-Walid marched from Dhu al-Qassah with two thousand seven hundred up to three thousand, aiming at Tulayhah; he sent 'Ukashah ibn Mihsan al-Asadi, ally of Banu Abd Shams, and Thabit ibn Aqram al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased
with them both; they arrived at Qatan and met there Habal, marching toward Tulayhah with his baggage; they killed him and took what he had. Tulayhah and his brother Salamah fell upon them from behind and killed 'Ukashah and Thabit.
And al-Walid al-Muqri' said, from al-Zuhri, who said: Khalid marched and fought Tulayhah the liar, and Allah routed him; 'Uyaynah ibn Hisn had pledged allegiance to him. When Tulayhah saw the multitude of the rout of his companions, he said: what is routing you? A
man said: I inform you: among us there is no man but he wishes his companion would die before him, and we meet a people every one of whom loves to die before his companion. Tulayhah was a man of great hardness in combat. Tulayhah that day killed 'Ukashah ibn Muhsin and Thabit ibn Aqram, and Tulayhah said:
"The evening Ibn Aqram struck camp ... and 'Ukashah al-Ghanami under my saddle"
"I set up for them the chest of the spear-bearer: truly it ... repeats the killing of hurled spears: my duel"
"On some days you see it, in glory, protected ... and on some days you see it in the shade of succors"
"What do you think of people when they are slain ... Are they not, though they did not surrender, men?"
"If he is a man of mettle whom we strike, and women ... you did not terrify, the deed done, by slaying ropes"
When the truth prevailed over Tulayhah, he dismounted from his mount, then embraced Islam and performed an 'umrah with his family; he traveled among the people in safety, passed by Abu Bakr in al-Madinah, then marched toward Mecca and performed his 'umrah; then his Islam became good.
And in another version than this one: Khalid met Tulayhah at Buzakhah, and with Tulayhah were 'Uyaynah ibn Hisn and Qarrah ibn Hubayrah al-Qushayri; they fought hard, then Tulayhah prevailed and captured 'Uyaynah and Qarrah, and sent them to Abu Bakr, and their bloods were spared.
And it is recalled that Qays ibn Makhshuh, one of those who killed al-Aswad al-Ansi, apostatized, and that a group of the companions of al-Aswad followed him, and that the people of Sana'a feared him. Qays came to Fayruz al-Daylami and Dhadawayh to consult them about the affair of the companions of al-Aswad, in deception on his part; they confided in him, and he prepared for them a meal the next day; Dhadawayh came to him and he killed him. Then Fayruz came to him, seized the matter and he fled; Jashish ibn Shahr met him, and he marched with him toward the mountains of Khawlan, and Qays seized Sana'a. So Fayruz wrote to Abu Bakr asking for reinforcement, and he reinforced him; they met Qays, routed him then captured him and carried him to Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him; he rebuked him, he denied the apostasy, and Abu Bakr pardoned him.
And Ibn Lahi'ah said, from Abu al-Aswad, from 'Urwah, who said: Khalid, who was a sword among the swords of Allah, marched, hastened his march and camped at Buzakhah. Tay' sent him word: if you wish to come to us, we are hearing, obeying; if you wish, we march toward you. Khalid said: no, but I am the assailant coming to you, if Allah wills. So he remained at Buzakhah, and the enemy gathered there against him Banu Assad and Ghatafan; they fought, until he had killed of the enemy a crowd and captured prisoners. Khalid ordered that a fence be built, lit fire in it and threw the prisoners into it. Then he broke camp toward Tay': Banu 'Amir and Ghatafan and the people came, Muslims, paying the right, and Khalid accepted them.
And Malik ibn Nuwayrah al-Tamimi was killed in this direction, with men of the Tamim who were with him. The Ansar said: we are going back: the Arabs have acknowledged what was upon them. Khalid and those of the Emigrants who were with him said: by my life, I left you the choice, and your commander has joined the march toward Musaylimah ibn Thumamah the liar; we do not see that you split off in this state, for that is not good; and none of you who has left
his commander when he had most need of him has any argument. The Ansar refused all but the return; Khalid and those with him resigned themselves to it, and the Ansar remained a day or two examining their affair; then they regretted and said: you have, by Allah, no excuse before Allah nor before Abu Bakr: what if this side is struck while we have abandoned them. So they hastened toward Khalid and joined him, and he marched toward al-Yamamah. Mujja'ah ibn Murarah, lord of Banu Hanifah, had gone out with twenty-three horsemen to demand a blood among Banu 'Amir; the Muslims surrounded them, killed the companions of Mujja'ah and bound him.
And al-'Attaf ibn Khalid said: my brother Abdallah narrated to me, from some of the family of 'Adi, from Wahshi, who said: we set out until coming to Tulayhah, and Allah routed them. Khalid said: I am not going back before going toward Musaylimah, until Allah judges between us and them. Thabit ibn Qays said to him: it is toward these that we were sent, and Allah has sufficed their charges; he did not accept it from him and marched; then Thabit followed him after a day, with the Ansar.
Ibn Ishaq said: Khalid ibn al-Walid brought Malik ibn Nuwayrah with a group of his family, Banu Handhalah, and struck off their necks, and marched through the land of the Tamim. When they surprised some people among them, those took up arms and said: we are Muslims. They were told: lay down your arms; they laid them down. Then the Muslims prayed and they prayed.
Salim ibn Abdallah narrated, from his father, who said: Abu Qatadah al-Ansari arrived upon Abu Bakr and informed him of the death of Malik ibn Nuwayrah and his companions; he was anguished by it, then
he paid the blood price of Malik and returned the captives and the wealth.
It is narrated that Malik was a courageous horseman, obeyed among his people, and that there was in him chivalry; he was called "al-Jaful". He came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, embraced Islam, and was entrusted with the alms of his people; then he apostatized. When Khalid confronted him, he said: I shall come with the prayer without the zakah. He said: do you not know that the prayer and the zakah are together? The one is not accepted without the other! He said: your companion said that. Khalid said: and you see him as a companion! By Allah, I nearly struck off your neck. Then they disputed long and he resolved to kill him. Abu Qatadah al-Ansari and Ibn Umar spoke to him; he disapproved of their word and said to Dirar ibn al-Azwar: strike off his neck. Malik turned toward his wife and said: there is the one who has killed me, and she was at the height of beauty. Khalid said: no, Allah has killed you by your turning back on Islam. He said: I am upon Islam.
He said: strike off his neck; so his neck was struck off, and he made his head one of the stones of a cauldron where food was cooked. Then Khalid married the woman, and Abu Duhayr al-Sa'di said verses:
"Khalid judged, in oppression, against him, for her tent ... and he had a passion for her before that"
And Ibn al-Athir mentions in his "Kamil" and in "Ma'rifat as-Sahabah": when the Prophet, peace be upon him, died and the Arabs apostatized, and Sajah appeared and claimed prophecy, Malik was favorable to her; no apostasy appeared from him, and he camped at al-Batah. When Khalid had finished with Assad and Ghatafan, he marched toward Malik and deployed columns, and brought Malik in. He recalls the hadith, in which: when Khalid arrived, Umar said: enemy of Allah, you have killed a Muslim man, then thrown yourself upon his wife: that I should stone you! And there is that Abu Qatadah testified that they had been given the choice and that they had prayed.
And al-Muqri' said, from al-Zuhri, who said: Khalid sent toward Malik ibn Nuwayrah a column in which was Abu Qatadah; they marched by day, swift, until reaching the dwelling of the clan. Malik came out with a troop and said: who are you? They said: we are the Muslims. Abu Qatadah claims he said: and I am the servant of Allah, a Muslim. He said: lay down your arms then. Twelve men laid them down; when they laid down their arms, the commander of the column bound them and went off with them captive; the captives marched with them until they brought them to Khalid. Abu Qatadah related to Khalid that they had had a safe-conduct and that they had proclaimed Islam; and the people of the column disapproved of Abu Qatadah and informed Khalid that there had been no safe-conduct for them,
but that they had been captured by force. Khalid therefore gave his order about them: they were killed and their captives seized. Abu Qatadah mounted his mare and set out toward Abu Bakr; when he arrived to him, he said: you know there was for Malik ibn Nuwayrah a covenant, and that he had proclaimed Islam; and I forbade Khalid, and he departed from my word and took the testimonies of the Bedouins who covet booty. Umar rose and said: O Abu Bakr, there is in Khalid's sword an excess of blood, and that was not just: it is just for you to bind him. Abu Bakr
fell silent.
Khalid went on ahead toward al-Yamamah. And Mutammim ibn Nuwayrah came and made to Abu Bakr the appeal by which his brother had appealed, and challenged him over the blood of his brother and their captives; Abu Bakr returned the captives to him and said to Umar, while he demanded retribution: Khalid has not what you say: he is an impetuous killer who misjudged.
I say: and here is the appealer:
"We were the companions of Judaymah for a time ... of days, until it was said: they will never be split"
"When we parted, I and Malik ... because of the length of our union: we passed not a single night together"
And al-Thawri said, from Qays ibn Muslim, from Tariq ibn Shihab, who said: when the delegation of Buzakhah, of Assad and Ghatafan, came to Abu Bakr to ask him for peace, Abu Bakr, the best of them, set between the deadly war and the humiliating plan. They said: O caliph of the Messenger of Allah, as for war, we know it: what is the humiliating plan? He said: that the ring and the hock be taken from you, and that peoples be left to follow the tails of camels, until Allah shows to His caliph, successor of the Prophet, and to the believers a matter for which they excuse you, and that you give what you have taken from us without our giving what we have taken from you, and that you testify that our slain are in Paradise and your slain in Hell, and that you pay the blood price of our slain without our paying that of your slain. Umar said: as for your words "you pay the blood price of our slain": our slain fell on the order of Allah, there is no blood price for them. And Umar followed him on it, and Umar said for the rest: yes, all that I saw.
Ibn Lahi'ah, from Abu al-Aswad, from 'Urwah, said: Khalid marched toward al-Yamamah, toward Musaylimah; Musaylimah came out with his masses, and they camped at 'Aqra', and Khalid camped upon them; it is a corner of al-Yamamah, and they put all the goods behind it, and the plain of al-Yamamah behind their backs. Shurahbil ibn Salamah said: O Banu Hanifah, today is the day of jealous honor; today, if you are routed, the women will come back captives and others than their husbands will marry them: fight then for your lineages.
So they fought at 'Aqra' hard, and the Muslims made a turn, and some people of Banu Hanifah entered the tent of Khalid,
in which were Mujja'ah a prisoner and Umm Tamim, the wife of Khalid; they wanted to kill her, and Mujja'ah said: I am her protector; and he defended her. Thabit ibn Qays, seeing the Muslims turn their backs, said: fie upon you and upon what you do! The Muslims came back, Allah routed the enemy, and a group of Muslims entered the tent of Khalid to kill Mujja'ah; Umm Tamim said: by Allah, he shall not be killed, and she gave him protection. The enemies of Allah were routed until they were at the garden of death, and there they fought the hardest fight. Muhakkam ibn al-Tufayl said: O Banu Hanifah, enter the garden: I will cover your rear. He fought an hour before them and was killed. Musaylimah said: O people, fight for your lineages; they fought hard, and Musaylimah was killed by Wahshi, freed slave of Banu Nawfal.
And al-Muqri' said, from al-Zuhri: Khalid fought Musaylimah and those of Banu Hanifah with him, and they were that day the most numerous of the Arabs and the hardest in vigor; a great crowd was martyred, Allah routed Banu Hanifah, and Musaylimah was killed: Wahshi killed him with a spear.
It used to be said: Wahshi killed the best of the people of the earth after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and the worst of the people of the earth.
And from Wahshi, who said: I never saw any more patient before death than the companions of Musaylimah; then he recalled that he had taken part in the death of Musaylimah.
And Ibn 'Awn said, from Musa ibn Anas, from his father, who said: on the day of al-Yamamah, Thabit ibn Qays entered to prepare himself for martyrdom, then rose, went to the line while the people fled, and said: is it thus, upon our faces? He struck the people, then said: what an evil return to your brothers! It is not thus that we fought with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. He was martyred, may Allah be pleased with him.
And al-Muqri' said, from al-Zuhri, who said: then six thousand fighters of Banu Hanifah, people of al-Yamamah, fortified themselves in their fortress; they submitted to the judgment of Khalid and he spared them.
And Ibn Lahi'ah said, from Abu al-Aswad, from 'Urwah, who said: Banu Hanifah, when they were routed, took refuge in the fortresses and entered them. Khalid wanted to bring the battalions up against them, but Mujja'ah did not cease until he made peace on the yellow and the white, the ring and the hock, half of the slaves and a wall of every village, and they agreed upon that.
And Salamah ibn 'Umayr al-Hanafi said: O Banu Hanifah, fight and do not make peace with Khalid over anything, for the fortress is strong, the food abundant and the winter is here. Mujja'ah said: do not obey him, for he is of ill omen.
They obeyed Mujja'ah and he made the treaty for them. Then Khalid called them to Islam and to innocence of what they carried, and the rest of them embraced Islam.
And Ibn Ishaq said: Khalid said: O Banu Hanifah, what do you say? They said:
from us a prophet and from you a prophet. He presented them to the sword: I mean the twenty who were with Mujja'ah ibn Murarah, and he bound them in iron. Then the two masses met, and Zayd ibn al-Khattab, when he uncovered the people, said: we shall not be saved after the departure; then he fought until he was killed.
And Ibn Sirin said: Abu Maryam al-Hanafi was considered to have killed Zayd.
And Ibn Ishaq said: Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr aimed at Muhakkam al-Yamamah ibn Tayfil with an arrow and killed him.
I say: they diverged over the date of the battle of al-Yamamah. Khalifah ibn Khayyat and Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari say: it was in the year eleven.
Abd al-Baqi ibn Qani' said: it was at the end of the year eleven.
And Abu Ma'shar said: al-Yamamah was in Rabi' al-Awwal of the year twelve. And the total of those killed that day was four hundred and fifty men.
And al-Waqidi said: it was in the year twelve, and thus said Abu Nu'aym, Ma'n ibn 'Isa, Muhammad ibn Sa'd, secretary of al-Waqidi, and others.
I say: the beginning of the battle of al-Yamamah was perhaps at the end of the year eleven, as Ibn Qani' said, and its end at the beginning of the year twelve, for it lasted days for the place of the siege; I recall it again, with its martyrs, at the beginning of the year twelve.
She is the mistress of the women of this community; she was called, according to what has reached us, "Umm Abiha": Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, married her after the battle of Badr, and she had then completed fifteen years or more.
Those who narrated from her: her son al-Husayn, Aisha, Umm Salamah, Anas and others.
We have already recalled that the Prophet, peace be upon him, whispered to her in his illness, and that she said to Anas: how did your souls find the taste of throwing dust upon the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him? She has famous merits, which Abu Abdallah al-Hakim gathered.
She was younger than Zaynab and Ruqayyah, and the offspring of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, died out only through her; for Umamah, daughter of her daughter Zaynab, married Ali, then after him al-Mughirah ibn Nawfal, and she had children from both. Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar said: the posterity of Zaynab died out.
It is authentic from al-Miswar that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "Fatimah is a part of me: what saddens her saddens me, and what wounds her wounds me."
Concerning Fatimah, her husband and her sons was revealed: {Allah only wishes to dissipate from you the impurity,
O people of the house, and to purify you entirely} (Surah al-Ahzab, verse 33): the Messenger of Allah covered them with a mantle and said: "O Allah, these are the people of my house". And al-Tirmidhi narrated, from the account of Aisha, that she was asked: who of the people was most loved by the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him? She said: Fatimah, among the women, and among the men her husband; and he was, as far as I know, given to fasting and standing (at night).
In al-Tirmidhi, from Zayd ibn Arqam: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to Ali, Fatimah and their two sons: "I am at war with whoever makes war on you, at peace with whoever makes peace with you".
He announced to her that she was the mistress of the women of the community, in his illness, as already recalled.
She left as children: al-Hasan, al-Husayn, Zaynab and Umm Kulthum. As for Zaynab, Abdallah ibn Ja'far married her; she died with him and bore him 'Awn and Ali. As for Umm Kulthum, Umar married her and she bore him Zayd; then, after the murder of Umar, 'Awn ibn Ja'far married her and died; then his brother Muhammad ibn Ja'far married her and she bore him his daughter; then their brother Abdallah ibn Ja'far married her, and she died with him. Al-Zuhri said it.
And al-A'mash said, from 'Amr ibn Murrah, from Abu al-Bakhtari, who said: Ali said
to his mother: relieve Fatimah of the service outside, and the work in the house suffices you: kneading, baking bread and grinding.
Abu al-Abbas al-Siraj said: Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us, who said: Ali ibn Hashim narrated to us, from Kathir an-Nawa', from 'Imran ibn Husayn: the Prophet, peace be upon him, visited Fatimah while she was sick and said to her: "how do you find yourself?" She said: I am in pain, and what increases it is that I have no food to eat. He said: "O my daughter, are you not content to be the mistress of the women of the worlds?" She said: and where is Maryam? He said: "that one is the mistress of the women of her world, and you are the mistress of the women of your world. By Allah, I have married you to a master in this world and the hereafter." This hadith is weak, and moreover a man is missing between Kathir and 'Imran.
And 'Ulbata ibn Ahmar said, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "the best of the women of the people of Paradise are Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Fatimah bint Muhammad, Maryam and Asiyah". Abu Dawud narrated it.
And Abu Ja'far al-Razi said, from Thabit, from Anas, likewise, raised to the Prophet, with this text: "the best of the women of the worlds are four".
And Ma'mar said, from Qatadah, from Anas, raising it to the Prophet: "there suffice you, of the women of the worlds, four", and he mentioned them.
And the like is narrated from the hadith of Abu Hurayrah and others.
And Maysarah ibn Habib said, from al-Minhal ibn 'Amr, from Aisha bint Talhah, from Aisha,
who said: I saw no one whose speech and word resembled the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, more than Fatimah; and when she entered upon him, he rose to her, kissed her and welcomed her as she did toward him. And Aisha compared her gait to the gait of the Prophet, peace be upon him.
She had been angry with Abu Bakr when she asked for her share of Fadak, and he said: I heard the Prophet, peace be upon him, say: "what we leave is alms".
And Abu Hamzah al-Sukkari said, from Ibn Abi Khalid, from al-Sha'bi, who said: when Fatimah, may Allah be pleased with her, fell ill, Abu Bakr came asking permission. Ali said: O Fatimah, here is Abu Bakr asking permission of you. She said: do you wish me to give him permission? He said: yes. So she gave it to him, and he entered to reconcile with her and said: by Allah, I left home, wealth, family and kin only in quest of the good pleasure of Allah and His Messenger and of your good pleasure, O people of the house. Then he reconciled with her until she was satisfied.
And al-Zuhri said, from 'Urwah, from Aisha: Fatimah lived after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, six months, and was buried by night.
And al-Waqidi said: this is the firmest of the versions with us. He said: Abbas led the prayer over her, and there went down into her grave him and al-Fadl ibn Abbas.
And Sa'id ibn 'Affir said: she died in the night of Tuesday, three nights remaining of Ramadan,
and she was twenty-seven years old or thereabouts, and was buried by night.
And Yazid ibn Abi Ziyad said, from Abdallah ibn al-Harith, who said: Fatimah remained after the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, six months, wasting away.
And Abu Ja'far al-Baqir said: she died three months after her father.
And it is narrated from al-Zuhri that she died three months after him.
And it is narrated from Ibn Abi Mulaykah, from Aisha, who says: between her and her father there were two months. And this is unique (gharib).
I say: the sound view is that her age was twenty-four years, may Allah be pleased with her and may Allah accept her.
And it is narrated from Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali that she died at the age of eighteen years; her birth was the year Quraysh rebuilt the Kaaba, and Ali washed her.
Qutaybah said: Muhammad ibn Musa narrated to us, from 'Awn ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, from his mother Umm Ja'far, and from 'Umarah ibn Muhajir, from Umm Ja'far, that Fatimah said to Asma bint Umays: I find ugly what is done to women: the cloth is thrown over the woman and it describes her. She said: O daughter of the Messenger of Allah, do you not wish me to show you something I saw in Abyssinia? So she called for wet palm fronds, twisted them, then threw a cloth over them. Fatimah said: how beautiful and admirable; when I die, it is you and Ali who will wash me, and no one shall enter upon me. When she died, Aisha came to enter, and Asma said: do not enter. She complained of it to Abu Bakr; he came, stood at the door and spoke to Asma, who said: she ordered me. He said: do then what she ordered you, then he stepped aside. Ibn Abd al-Barr said: she was thus the first, in Islam, over whom the bier was covered in this
manner.
It is said that he had embraced Islam long before, but no account is heard from him; he was wounded on the day of Ta'if: Abu Muhjan al-Thaqafi shot an arrow at him that day, and he did not cease suffering from it; then the wound closed, then it burst upon him, and he died in Shawwal of the year eleven; there went down into his grave Umar, Talhah and his brother Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr. Muhammad ibn Jarir and others recall it.
It is said that it was he who brought the food and the news of Quraysh to the cave, those three nights.
At its beginning, according to the most widespread view, the battle of al-Yamamah; the commander of the Muslims was Khalid ibn al-Walid, and the head of the disbelief Musaylimah the liar: may Allah destroy him. A crowd of the Companions was martyred.
Abu Hudhayfah ibn 'Utbah ibn Rabi'ah ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusay; it is said that his name is Muhashsham.
Salim, freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah ibn 'Utbah. Al-Waqidi said, through his chain, from Muhammad ibn Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas, who said: when the Muslims were put to flight on the day of al-Yamamah, Salim, freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, said: it is not thus that we acted with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him; he dug a pit for himself, stood in it, bearing that day the banner of the Emigrants, then fought until he was killed, a martyr, in the year twelve, may Allah be pleased with him.
Shuja' ibn Wahb ibn Rabi'ah al-Asadi, Abu Wahb, emigrant of Badr; he was martyred at forty-four years.
Zayd ibn al-Khattab ibn Nufayl al-'Adawi al-Qurashi, Abu Abd al-Rahman; he was older than Umar and embraced Islam before him. It has reached us that the banner of the Muslims on the day of al-Yamamah was with Zayd, and he did not cease advancing it into the necks of the enemy,
then fought until he was killed, and Salim, freed slave of Abu Hudhayfah, took it. And Zayd was saying and crying out: O Allah, I excuse to You the flight of my companions, and I declare myself innocent to You of what Musaylimah and Muhakkam ibn al-Tufayl have brought.
Hazn ibn Abi Wahb ibn 'Amr ibn 'Ayyid ibn 'Imran ibn Makhzum al-Makhzumi, ancestor of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib; he was killed on the day of al-Yamamah, and it is said: on the day of Buzakhah.
Abdallah ibn Suhayl ibn 'Amr ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Wudd al-Qurashi al-'Amiri, Abu Suhayl.
He was martyred that day, at thirty-eight years.
Malik ibn 'Amr, ally of Banu Ghannam, emigrant of Badr; he was martyred that day, may Allah be pleased with him.
Al-Tufayl ibn 'Amr al-Dawsi al-Azdi; he was called "the one of the two Tufayls".
Yazid ibn Riqash ibn Riyah al-Asadi; he witnessed Badr and was killed on the day of al-Yamamah.
And among those who were martyred that day:
Al-Hakam ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As ibn Umayyah al-Umawi.
And al-Sa'ib ibn Uthman ibn Maz'un, who was young: an arrow struck him.
And Yazid ibn Thabit ibn al-Dahhak ibn Zayd al-Ansari, brother of Zayd ibn Thabit.
And Makhramah ibn Sharid al-Hadrami, ally of Banu Abd Shams.
And Jubayr ibn Malik; his mother was Buhaynah; he is the brother of Abdallah ibn Malik, of the Azd, and they were allies of Banu al-Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf.
And al-Sa'ib ibn al-Awwam ibn Khuwaylid al-Asadi, brother of al-Zubayr.
And Wahb ibn Hazn ibn Abi Wahb al-Makhzumi, uncle of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib, and his brother Hakim, and their brother Abd al-Rahman ibn Hazn, and their father already mentioned.
And 'Amir ibn al-Bukayr al-Laythi, ally of Banu 'Adi; he is one of those who witnessed Badr.
And Malik ibn Rabi'ah, ally of Banu Abd Shams.
And Abu Umayyah Sufwan ibn Umayyah ibn 'Amr, and his brother Malik, the firstborn.
And Yazid ibn Aws, ally of Banu Abd al-Dar.
And Huyayy (and it is said: Mu'alla) ibn Jariyah al-Thaqafi.
And Habib ibn Asid ibn Jariyah al-Thaqafi.
And al-Walid ibn Abd Shams ibn al-Mughirah al-Makhzumi.
And Abdallah ibn 'Amr ibn Bujayrah al-'Adawi.
And Abu Qays ibn al-Harith ibn Qays al-Sahmi, and his brother Abdallah ibn al-Harith ibn Qays al-Sahmi, both emigrants from Abyssinia.
And Abdallah ibn Mukhayriq ibn Abd al-'Uzza ibn Abi Qays ibn Abd Wudd ibn Nasr al-'Amiri, of the first Emigrants; he witnessed Badr and the battles; his kunyah is Abu Muhammad; he lived forty-one years, and among his descendants Nawfal ibn Musahhiq ibn Abdallah ibn Mukhayriq.
And 'Amr ibn Aws ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh al-'Amiri, and Sulayt ibn Sulayt ibn 'Amr al-'Amiri, and Rabi'ah ibn Abi Kharashah al-'Amiri, and Abdallah ibn al-Harith ibn Rahdah: of Banu 'Amir.
And al-Sa'ib ibn Uthman ibn Maz'un ibn Habib ibn Wahb ibn Hudhafah ibn Jumah; his mother was Khulah bint Hakim al-Salamiyyah, daughter of Da'ifah bint al-'As ibn Umayyah ibn Abd Shams; an arrow struck him on the day of al-Yamamah and he died of it.
And there were martyred, among the Ansar:
'Abbad ibn Bashir ibn Waqsh ibn Zughbah ibn Za'urah ibn Abd al-Ashhal al-Awsi, of Badr, Abu al-Rabi', among the elite of the Companions; he lived forty-five years, and when he embraced Islam, the Prophet, peace be upon him, named him Abdallah.
Ma'n ibn 'Adi ibn al-Jadd ibn al-'Ajlan al-Ansari, one of the allies of Banu
Malik ibn 'Awf.
Abdallah ibn Abdallah ibn Ubayy ibn Malik ibn al-Harith ibn 'Ubayd ibn Malik ibn Salim, who is called "al-Hubli" because of the greatness of his belly, ibn Ghannam ibn 'Awf ibn al-Khazraj al-Ansari, known as "Ibn Salul": she was the mother of Ubayy ibn Malik, and she was a Khazrajiyyah, and his father was the famous hypocrite. Abdallah was among the elite of the Companions; his name was al-Hubab, and by him his father was called; when he embraced Islam, the Prophet, peace be upon him, named him Abdallah.
Thabit ibn Qays ibn Shammas al-Ansari, of Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj. He did not witness Badr, and he was the commander of the Ansar in the fight against the people of the riddah, as we have recalled. Ibn Ishaq says: Thabit ibn Qays said: what an evil return upon yourselves, O assembly of the Muslims! Then he fought until he was killed, and the Muslims advanced until they shut them in the garden, in which was Musaylimah, enemy of Allah. Al-Bara' ibn Malik said: O assembly of the Muslims, hurl me upon them; so he was carried, and when he was above the wall, he fell upon them and fought them until he opened the garden to the Muslims.
Abu Dujanah Samak ibn Kharashah ibn Luddan ibn Abd Wudd ibn Zayd al-Sa'idi, who is among those who took part in the death of Musaylimah. Thabit said, from Anas, that Abu Dujanah threw himself of his own accord inside the garden, his leg was broken, and he fought, leg broken, until he was killed.
'Umarah ibn Hazm ibn Zayd ibn Luddan, of Banu Malik ibn an-Najjar, brother of 'Amr ibn Hazm.
'Umarah witnessed al-'Aqabah and Badr, and he had the banner of Banu Malik ibn an-Najjar on the day of the Conquest, and he left no offspring.
'Uqbah ibn 'Amir ibn Nabi' ibn Zayd ibn Haram al-Salami witnessed the first al-'Aqabah:
among the six persons are placed those who embraced Islam in Mecca, the first of the Ansar; he witnessed Badr and the battles, and he had no offspring.
Thabit ibn Hazzal, of Banu Salim ibn 'Awf; he witnessed Badr according to the saying of a group, and was killed that day.
Abu 'Aqil ibn Abdallah ibn Tha'labah, of Banu Jahjabah; his name is Abd al-Rahman. He witnessed Badr and all the battles, and was among the lords of the Ansar; an arrow struck him on the day of al-Yamamah, he tore it out, girded himself, took the sword and fought until he was killed; many wounds were found on him.
And among those who were martyred that day, of the Ansar:
Abdallah ibn 'Atik, and Rafi' ibn Sahl, and Hajib ibn Yazid al-Ashhali, and Sahl ibn 'Adi, and Malik ibn Aws ibn 'Atik, and 'Umayr ibn Aws his brother, and Talhah ibn 'Utbah of Banu Jahjabah, and Rubah, freed slave of al-Harith, and Ma'bad ibn 'Adi al-'Ajlani, and Jaruw ibn Malik ibn 'Amir al-Ansari, of Banu Jahjabah (and it is said: Jarz, with a zay), and Wudaqah ibn Iyas ibn 'Amr al-Khazraji al-Ansari, one of those who witnessed Badr, and Jarwul ibn al-Abbas, and 'Amir ibn Thabit, and Bashir ibn Abdallah al-Khazraji, and Kulayb ibn Tamim, and Abdallah ibn 'Utban, and Iyas ibn Wadi'ah, and Usayd ibn Yarbu', and Sa'd ibn Harithah, and Sahl ibn Hannan, and Mukhashin of Himyar, and Salamah ibn Mas'ud (and it is said: Mas'ud ibn Sinan)
and Damrah ibn Iyad, and Abdallah ibn Anis, and Abu Hibbah ibn Ghaziyyah al-Mazini, and Habib ibn Zayd, and Habib ibn 'Amr ibn Muhsin, and Thabit ibn Khalid, and Farwah ibn an-Nu'man, and 'Ayyid ibn Ma'ass.
Khalifah said: the total of those who were martyred, of the Emigrants and the Ansar, was fifty-eight men: I mean on the day of al-Yamamah.
It is said that Musaylimah, may the curse of Allah be upon him, was killed at the age of one hundred and fifty years; he had claimed prophecy and was called "the Rahman of al-Yamamah" according to what is said, before the birth of Abdallah, the father of the Prophet, peace be upon him; and the Quran of Musaylimah was an object of laughter for the hearers.
As-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, sent al-'Ala' ibn al-Hadrami toward Bahrain; they had apostatized, except a small number who remained firm with al-Jarud; so they met at Juwatha, and Allah routed them.
Ibn Ishaq says: al-'Ala' besieged them at Juwatha until the Muslims were near perishing from the effort; then they got drunk one night in their fortress, and al-'Ala' surprised them by night. It is said that Abdallah ibn Abdallah ibn Ubayy was martyred on the day of Juwatha, not on the day of al-Yamamah; he had witnessed Badr.
And in it, as-Siddiq sent 'Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl toward Oman, and they had apostatized. And he sent al-Muhajir ibn Abi Umayyah al-Makhzumi toward the people of Najran, and they had
apostatized, and he sent Ziyad ibn Labid al-Ansari toward a part of the apostates. Ibn Ishaq says: Abdallah ibn Abi Bakr narrated to me that Zayd surprised them by night and killed four kings: Jumad, Makhush, Mashrah and Abda'ah.
And in it, Abu Bakr presided over the pilgrimage for the people.
And in it: after finishing the fight against the people of the riddah, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq sent Khalid ibn al-Walid toward the land of Basrah, which was called the land of India. Khalid therefore marched with his men, from al-Yamamah, toward the land of Basrah, plundered al-Abblah and opened it, entered Maysan, took booty and captives from the villages, then marched toward al-Sawad, took from the land of Kaskar and Zandaward, after having appointed over Basrah Qutbah ibn Qatadah al-Sadusi as his deputy; and Khalid made peace with the people of Ullays on one thousand dinars, in Rajab of the year; then he opened the canal of the king, and Ibn Buqaylah, lord of al-Hirah, made peace with him on ninety thousand; then he marched toward the people of Anbar, and they made peace.
Then he besieged 'Ayn al-Tamr; they submitted to his judgment, and he killed and took captives. And there were killed, among the Muslims, at 'Ayn al-Tamr:
Bashir ibn Sa'd ibn Tha'labah, Abu an-Nu'man al-Ansari al-Khazraji; he was among the notables of the Ansar, witnessed Badr and al-'Aqabah. It is said that he was the first
of the Ansar to embrace Islam, may Allah be pleased with him.
And in it, when death carried off the reciters of the Quran on the day of al-Yamamah, Abu Bakr ordered Zayd ibn Thabit to write the Quran; he set about hunting it from pieces of parchment, flat boards and the breasts of men, until Zayd gathered it into sheets.
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari says: when Khalid had finished, in peace and in war, with the conquest of the cities of Khosrow in Iraq, he set out for the pilgrimage, five nights remaining of Dhu al-Qa'dah, disguising himself for his pilgrimage, with a group that traveled through the lands, until coming to Mecca; he drew from it what no guide had drawn; he marched by a road of the roads of al-Hirah the like of which he had never seen stranger or harder; his absence from the army was therefore easy, and no one knew of his pilgrimage except the one who informed of it.
When Abu Bakr learned of the pilgrimage of 'Utbah and his insolence, he punished him by directing him toward Syria; the letter of Abu Bakr reached him while he was heading, from his pilgrimage, toward al-Hirah: it ordered him to turn toward Syria, until there came to him from there the masses of the Muslims at the Yarmuk, and it said to him: beware of returning to anything of the like.
I say: the letter came rather so that he would march toward Syria at the beginning of the year thirteen.
I say: Khalid marched with his army from Iraq toward Syria through the desert, and they nearly perished of thirst.
Al-Waqidi said: Musa ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim at-Taymi narrated to us, from his father, who said: Umar ibn al-Khattab advised Abu Bakr to write to Khalid ibn al-Walid that he march with his men as reinforcement to 'Amr ibn al-'As. When the letter of Abu Bakr
reached Khalid, he said: this is the work of Umar: he envied me the conquest of Iraq and that it be in his hand; so he wished to make of me a reinforcement to 'Amr: if the conquest takes place, its merit will be his and not mine.
Ibn Ishaq says: when Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, returned from the pilgrimage, he sent 'Amr ibn al-'As toward Palestine, and Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan, and Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, and Shurahbil ibn Hasanah, and ordered them to march on al-Balqa'.
Ibn Jarir narrated, who said: they said: when Abu Bakr directed the armies toward Syria at the beginning of the year thirteen, the first banner he tied was the banner of Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As; then he dismissed him before Khalid marched, and it is said: rather after months of his march; and he wrote to Khalid, who marched toward Syria and plundered Ghassan at Marj Rahit; then he marched and camped at the canal of Bosra, and Abu Ubaydah and his two companions arrived and made peace with the people of Bosra: it was the first of the cities of Syria opened; and Khalid made peace, on this subject, with the people of Tadmur.
Ibn Ishaq says: then they all marched toward Palestine, and met (the enemy) at Ajnadayn, between ar-Ramla and Bayt Jibrin, the commanders each being over his troops; it is said that 'Amr was over them all, and over the Romans the two Qayaqalan; he killed, and the polytheists were routed on the Saturday, three nights remaining of Jumada al-Ula of the year thirteen. There were martyred Na'im ibn Abdallah ibn al-Nahham, and Hisham ibn al-'As, and al-Fadl ibn
Abbas, and Aban ibn Sa'id.
And al-Waqidi said: what is firm with us is that Ajnadayn was in Jumada al-Ula, and Abu Bakr brought the news of it while he was in the throes of death.
And Ibn Lahi'ah said, from Abu al-Aswad, from 'Urwah, who said: there were killed, among the Muslims, on the day of Ajnadayn, 'Amr, Aban and Khalid, sons of Sa'id ibn al-'As ibn Umayyah, and al-Tufayl ibn 'Amr, and Abdallah ibn 'Amr
al-Dawsi, and Dirar ibn al-Azwar, and 'Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl ibn Hisham, and Salamah ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughirah, uncle of 'Ikrimah, and Habbar ibn Sufyan al-Makhzumi, and Na'im ibn al-Nahham, and Sakhr ibn Nasr al-'Adawi, and Hisham ibn al-'As al-Sahmi, and Tamim and Sa'id, the two sons of al-Harith ibn Qays.
And Muhammad ibn Sa'd said: there were killed that day Talib ibn 'Umayr and his mother Arwa, who is the paternal aunt of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.
And from Abu al-Huwayrith, who said: on the day of Ajnadayn, a horseman appeared; Abdallah ibn al-Zubayr ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, may Allah be pleased with him, met him in duel and killed him; then another horseman appeared and Abdallah killed him after a long fight; 'Amr ibn al-'As resolved that he should fight no more duels, and he said: by Allah, I do not find myself patient; when the swords mingled, he was found slain.
Al-Waqidi said: he lived thirty years, and we do not know that he narrated from the Prophet, peace be upon him. It is said that he was among those who stood firm with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, on the day of Hunayn.
Ibn Jarir says: there were killed on the day of Ajnadayn al-Harith ibn Aws ibn 'Atik, and Uthman ibn Talhah ibn Abi Talhah al-'Abdari. Thus said Ibn Jarir.
Khalifah said: it was with twelve nights remaining of Jumada al-Ula, and the commander was Khalid ibn al-Walid. Ibn Ishaq says: and over the Syrians that day Qulqul, and the polytheists were killed in a great slaughter and were routed.
And Khalifah narrated, from al-Walid ibn Hisham, from his father, who said: there were martyred, on the day of Marj al-Suffar, Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As, and it is said that his brother 'Amr was killed also, and al-Fadl ibn Abbas, and 'Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, and Aban ibn Sa'id that day, leaving no offspring.
And another said: there were killed that day Numaylah ibn Uthman al-Laythi, and Sa'd ibn Salamah al-Ashhali, and Salm ibn Aslam al-Ashhali.
It is said that the battle of Marj al-Suffar was at the beginning of the year fourteen, and the first (view) is the sounder.
And Sa'id ibn Abd al-'Aziz said: they met on the river, at the mill, and the Romans were killed that day to the point that the river flowed and its mill ground with their bloods, and the victory came down. And that day, Umm Hakim killed seven Romans with the pole of her tent; she was under 'Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, then Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-'As married her.
Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb said: he remained with her only seven days, at the bridge of Umm Hakim at al-Suffar,
and she is the daughter of al-Harith ibn Hisham al-Makhzumi; then, according to what is said, Umar married her.
Ibn Lahi'ah said, from Abu al-Aswad, from 'Urwah, who said: the battle of Fahl was in Dhu al-Qa'dah of the year thirteen.
And from Abdallah ibn 'Amr, who said: we witnessed Ajnadayn, and we were that day twenty thousand, and 'Amr ibn al-'As was over us; Allah routed them. A group fled toward Fahl in the caliphate of Umar: 'Amr marched toward them with the army and drove them out of Fahl.
And in it died the caliph of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, eight nights remaining of Jumada al-Akhirah; he designated Umar for the affair after him, and wrote him a letter for that.
The first thing Umar did was to dismiss Khalid ibn al-Walid from the command of the commanders of Syria and to appoint over them Abu Ubaydah ibn al-Jarrah, and he wrote him his covenant; then he sent an army from al-Madinah toward Iraq, and appointed over it Abu Ubaydah ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi, father of al-Mukhtar the liar; and Abu Ubaydah was among the elite of the Companions, and he met the people of Iraq as will come.
This Companion also has a full Sira page: Abd Allah Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.
Depending on the sources and the transliteration styles, the name is also written: Abu Bakr, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Abu Bakr al-Saddiq, Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafah, Abu Bakr the truthful, Atiq. All these spellings refer to the same person, as related by the hafiz al-Dhahabi.