Mu'awiyah ibn Sakhra ibn Abi Sufyan

Muawiyah bin Sakhr bin Abi Sufyan Muawiyah bin Sakhr bin Harb bin Umayyah bin Abd Shams bin Abd Manaf Al-Qurashi Al-Umayyad. He is Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan. His mother is Hind bint Utbah bin Rabia bin Abd Shams. His father and mother are united in: Abd Shams. his kunya was Abu Abdul Rahman. He, his father, his brother Yazid. His mother Hind converted to Islam during the conquest. Muawiyah used to say: He converted to Islam in the year of the incident, and that he met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as a Muslim and he concealed his conversion to Islam from his father and mother. Hunayn witnessed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and gave him from the spoils of Hawazin one hundred camels and forty uqiyahs. He and his father were people of good faith, a good Muslim. He wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

When Abu Bakr, peace be upon him, marched the armies to the Levant, Muawiyah marched with his brother Yazid bin Abi Sufyan, and when Yazid died, he appointed him as his successor in charge of his work in the Levant, which is Damascus. When the news of Yazid's death reached Omar, he said to Abu Sufyan: May Allah bless your condolences regarding Yazid! Abu Sufyan said to him: Who did you replace? He said: His brother Muawiyah said: I have good kinship with you, O Commander of the Faithful.

Reported by Ibrahim bin Muhammad and others, on the authority of Abd al-Rahman bin Abi Amira - and he was one of the companions of the Prophet ﷺ, who said: O Allah, make him a guide, a guide, and guide him - (1) He said: And Abu Issa told us: Suwayd bin Nasr told us, Abd told us By Allah - and he is Ibn Al-Mubarak - Yunus told us, on the authority of Al-Zuhri, Humaid bin Abdul Rahman (2) told us: He heard Muawiyah give a speech in Medina and said: Where are your scholars, O people of Medina?! I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, forbidding this story (3) and saying: "The Children of Israel were destroyed when their wives took them" (4). Ibn Abbas said: Muawiyah is a jurist. Ibn Omar said: I have not seen anyone after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, more black (5) than Muawiyah. He was told: Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali? He said: They were - by Allah - better than Muawiyah and better, and Muawiyah was black.

When Omar bin Al-Khattab, peace be upon him, entered the Levant and saw Muawiyah, he said: This is Khosrow the Arabs. Reported by Yahya bin Mahmoud and others, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said: I was playing with the boys, then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, came and I hid behind a door. He said: Then he came and hit me with a stone. (6) And he said: Go and pray for Muawiyah for me. He said: I came and said: He is eating. Then he said: Go and invite Muawiyah for me. He said: I came and said: He is eating. He said: May Allah not satisfy his stomach. Muslim narrated this particular hadith from Muawiyah, and followed it with the words of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: I made a stipulation of my Lord and said: I am only a human being. I am satisfied as humans are pleased. I get angry as humans get angry.

So, whoever I have invoked from my nation with a supplication, he will make it a purification, a purification, and an offering by which he will bring him closer on the Day of Resurrection (1)." He remained governor in accordance with what his brother was in charge of in the Levant during the caliphate of Omar. When Othman was succeeded, all of the Levant was gathered to him. This continued until Uthman was killed, so he went alone in the Levant and did not pledge allegiance to Ali. He expressed his demand for Uthman's blood, so the battle of Siffin took place between him and Ali, and it is famous. We investigated this in our book "Al-Kamil fi Al-Tarikh". Then, when Ali was killed and Al-Hasan bin Ali was succeeded, Muawiyah marched to Iraq, and Al-Hasan bin Ali marched to him.

When Al-Hasan saw the strife and that the matter was great and bloodshed. He saw the discord of the people of Iraq, he handed over the matter to Muawiyah and returned to Medina. Muawiyah took over Iraq, and came to Kufa, and the people pledged allegiance to him. They gathered against him, so it was called the year of the group. He remained caliph for twenty years, and emir for twenty years, because he ruled Damascus for four years of the caliphate of Omar, and twelve years of the caliphate of Uthman with what was added to it from the rest of the Levant, and approximately four years during the caliphate of Ali, and six months of the caliphate of Al-Hasan. Al-Hasan handed over the caliphate to him in the year forty-one; according to another report, the year forty, and the first is more correct. Muawiyah died in the middle of Rajab in the year sixty, when he was seventy-eight years old; in another account, he was eighty-six years old.

Another report states: He died on Thursday, the eighth of Rajab in the year fifty-nine. He was eighty-two years old. The most accurate statement of his death is that it was sixty years old. When he fell ill, his son Yazid was absent, and when death approached him, he commanded that he be shrouded in a shirt that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, had clothed him with, and that his body be placed next to him. He had some clippings of the nails of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so he recommended that they be crushed and placed in his eyes and mouth. He said: Do that, and be alone between me and the Most Merciful of the Merciful. When death befell him, he said: "I wish I were a man from the Quraysh in Dhu Tuwa, and (3) I had not suffered anything from this matter." When he died, Al-Dahhak bin Qays took his shrouds, went up to the pulpit and addressed the people and said: The Commander of the Faithful