Islam > Glossary > Al-qyas al-aqtrany
Discover the meaning of the term Al-qyas al-aqtrany (قياس الاقتراني) in Islamic vocabulary.
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Updated on 11 April 2026 at 1:05 AM
📖 2 min readThe opposite of the conditional analogy (istithna'i). It is that in which neither the conclusion itself nor its negation is explicitly mentioned, such as when we say: the body is composite, and every composite is created, yielding the conclusion: the body is created. Thus, neither the conclusion nor its negation is explicitly mentioned in the syllogism.
That in which neither the conclusion itself nor its negation is explicitly mentioned, such as: the world is changing, and everything changing is newly created, so the world is newly created. Then, it is of two types: categorical (hamli) and conditional (sharti). If its two premises are categorical, like the mentioned example, it is a categorical conjunctive syllogism; otherwise, it is a conditional conjunctive syllogism, such as: if the sun is risen, the day is present, and whenever the day is present, the earth is illuminated, yielding the conclusion: whenever the sun is risen, the earth is illuminated. The detail is that the syllogism, according to its form, is conditional (istithna'i) if the conclusion or its negation is mentioned in it, and otherwise it is conjunctive (iqtirani) due to the absence of separation of its premises by an exception particle, unlike the conditional. Then, the conjunctive is categorical if it is composed of pure categoricals, otherwise it is conditional. According to its matter, if it yields poetic imagination, it is poetic; or conjectural assent, it is rhetorical; or certainty, it is demonstrative; or is built upon the acknowledgment of the people or the opponent, it is dialectical; otherwise, it is sophistic and fallacious.
That in which neither the conclusion itself nor its negation is explicitly mentioned.