Khadija bint Khuwaylid

Khadija bint Khuwaylid bin Asad bin Abd al-Uzza bin Qusay al-Qurayshiya al-Asadiyya (7) was a Mother of the Believers and the first wife of the Prophet ﷺ. By Muslim consensus, she was the first person to embrace Islam. No man or woman preceded her. Al-Zubayr said: In pre-Islamic times she was known as Al-Tahirah, "the Pure." Her mother was Fatima bint Zaida bin Al-Asam, whose personal name was Jundub bin Hadam (1) bin Rawaha bin Hajr bin Abd bin Muais bin Amer bin Liwa. Before marrying the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Khadija was married to Abu Hala bin Zurarah bin Nabash bin Adiy bin Habib bin Surad bin Salamah bin Jarwah (2) Usayd Ibn Omar bin Tamim Al-Tamimi. This is the lineage given by Al-Zubayr. Ali bin Abdul Aziz Al-Jurjani said: Khadija was married to Abu Hala, namely Hind bin Al-Nabash bin Zurara bin Waqdan bin Habib bin Salama bin Jarwa (3) bin Usayd bin Amr bin Tamim.

Both authorities then agree that, after Abu Hala, she married Atiq bin Abid (4) bin Abdullah bin Omar bin Makhzoum Al-Makhzoumi. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ later married her. Qatada gives a different sequence: Khadija first married Atiq bin Abid (4) bin Abdullah bin Omar bin Makhzum, and after him she married Abu Hala Hind bin Zurarah bin Al-Nabash. Qatada said: The first saying is more correct, Allah willing. Abu Omar (5) stated this, and Yunus bin Bukayr narrated, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, who said: He married Khadija before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. She was a virgin: Atiq bin Abid (4) bin Abdullah bin Omar bin Makhzum. He then died from her and Abu Hala al-Nabash bin Zurarah married her after him. He said: Before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, peace and blessings be upon her, Khadija was married to Atiq bin Abid bin Abdullah. She bore him Hind bint Atiq.

Then, after Atiq, Abu Hala was succeeded by Malik bin Al-Nabash bin Zurara Al-Tamimi Al-Asadi, an ally of Banu Abd al-Dar bin Qusayy, so Hind bint Abi Hala and Hala bin Abi Hala gave birth to him, so Hind bint Atiq, and Hind and Hala were all sons of Abi Hala. Brothers of the children of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, from Khadija. All of this was mentioned by Al-Zubayr, and this is the opposite of what Abu Omar reported on the authority of Al-Zubayr. Abu Omar reported on the authority of Al-Zubayr that it was with Abu Hala first and then after him with Atiq.

Abu Naim reported on the authority of Al-Zubayr, so he gave Atiq precedence over Abu Hala, and as for what we narrated in "The Lineage of Quraysh to Al-Zubayr," he said: She - meaning Khadija - was before the Prophet ﷺ with Atiq bin Abid bin Abdullah bin Omar bin Makhzum. She bore him a slave girl, and Atiq died from her, so Abu Hala bin Malik, one of the sons of Amr bin Tamim, and then one of the sons of Usayd, married her. Al-Zubair said: Some people say: Abu Hala before Atiq. the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, married Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her, before the revelation. He was twenty-five years old at the time; according to another report, twenty-one years. Her uncle Amr bin Asad married her to him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, proposed to her, her uncle said: Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Muttalib is proposing to Khadija bint Khuwaylid. This stallion does not poke (1) his nose.

She was forty years old at the time and lived with him for twenty-four years. The reason for her marriage to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, was what Abu Jaafar told us with his chain of transmission on the authority of Yunus, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, who said: Khadija was a merchant woman of honor and wealth. She would hire men for her money, which she would exchange with them for something that she would give them of it. When she heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about the truthfulness of his speech, the greatness of his honesty, and the generosity of his morals, she sent to him and offered him to go with her money to the Levant as a merchant, and to give him the best of what she used to give to other merchants, along with a servant of hers who was called: Maisarah. He accepted it from her and left with her money, and with him her servant Maisarah.

Until he came to the Levant and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, descended in the shade of a tree near a monk's cell. The monk looked to Maysara and said: Who is this man who descended under this tree? He said: This is a man from Quraysh, from the people of the Haram. The monk said to him: He never went down under this tree. Except a prophet. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, sold the merchandise he had gone out with, and bought what he wanted. He then set off in a caravan to Mecca. When he came to Khadija with her money, she sold what he brought, but it was weaker or nearer, and Maysarah told her, according to what the monk had said. Khadija was a firm, articulate, and honorable woman, despite the dignity Allah wanted in her.

When Maysarah told her, she sent to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and said to him: "I desired you because of your closeness to me, your honor among your people, your honesty with them, your good character, and the truthfulness of your speech." Then she presented herself to him. She was the middle of the Quraysh women in lineage, the greatest of them in honor, and the most wealthy. When she told the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, what she said, he mentioned it to his uncles, so Hamza bin Abdul Muttalib went out with him until he went to Khuwaylid bin Asad, so he proposed to her, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, married her. She bore all of his children to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, before the revelation came down to him: Zainab, Umm Kulthum, Fatima, Ruqayyah, and Al-Qasim. The pure and the good. As for Al-Qasim, Al-Tayyib, and Al-Tahir, they perished before Islam, and by Al-Qasim was the nickname of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.

As for his daughters, they converted to Islam, so they immigrated with him, followed him, and believed in him (1). Another report states: The pure and the good were born in Islam. It was previously mentioned that her uncle Omar married her, and that her father had died, as was said by Al-Zubayr and others. The scholars differed regarding the children of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, from her. Muammar narrated on the authority of Al-Zuhri, who said: Some scholars claimed that she bore him a son called Al-Tahir. He said: Some of them said: We do not know that she bore him except Al-Qasim and his four daughters. Aqeel said, on the authority of Ibn Shihab - and he mentioned his daughters - and he said: Al-Qasim and Al-Tahir. Qatada said: Khadija gave birth to him two boys and four daughters: Al-Qasim - by whom he was nicknamed. He lived until he was an adult - and Abdullah died young.

Al-Zubayr said: She gave birth to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Al-Qasim, who was his eldest child, then Zainab, then Abdullah. He was called Al-Tayyib. He was called Al-Tahir, then Al-Qasim died in Mecca. He was the first of his children to die, then Abdullah also died in Mecca. Al-Zubayr also said: Ibrahim bin Al-Mundhir told me, on the authority of Ibn Wahb, on the authority of Ibn Lahi'ah, on the authority of Abu Al-Aswad Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman: that Khadija bint Khuwaylid gave birth to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Al-Qasim, Al-Tahir, Al-Tayyib, Abdullah, Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatima. Ali bin Abdul Aziz Al-Jurjani said: The children of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Al-Qasim - who is his eldest son - then Zainab. He said: Al-Kalbi said: Zainab and Al-Qasim, then Umm Kulthum, then Fatima, then Ruqayyah, then Abdullah - and he was known as Al-Tayyib - and the pure. He said: This is correct, and others are confusion.

Al-Kalbi said: Abdullah was born into Islam, and all of his children from her were born before Islam (2). As for her conversion to Islam, Muhammad bin [Muhammad] Saraya bin Ali and more than one person told us with their chain of transmission to Muhammad bin Ismail: Yahya bin Bukair told us, Al-Layth told us, on the authority of Aqeel, on the authority of Ibn Shihab, on the authority of Urwa, on the authority of Aisha, the Mother of the Believers, who said: "The first thing with which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, began from revelation was a good vision, sleep.

He would not see a vision except that it came like the breaking of dawn."...and he mentioned the hadith, He said - meaning Gabriel, peace be upon him: "Recite in the name of your Lord who created." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, returned with it, his heart trembling, so he went to Khadija, may Allah be pleased with her, and said, "Zamiloni." So they hugged him until the fear went away from him. He said to Khadija and told her the news: I feared for myself. Khadija said: No, by Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You will uphold ties of kinship, bear all (2), provide for the needy (3), honor (4) the guest, and help in the calamities of truth. Khadija took him to Waraqah ibn Nawfal, who was a Christian in pre-Islamic times and wrote the Hebrew book, and wrote from the Bible whatever Allah wished to be written. Khadija said to him: O cousin, listen to your nephew. Waraqah said to him: What do you see?

So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, told him. He said: I wish I were a stump there (5). I wish I were alive when your people expel you (6). Reported by Abu Jaafar, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, who said: Khadija was the first to believe in Allah and His Messenger, and to believe in what he brought, so Allah made it easier for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. People, (7). Ibn Ishaq said: Ismail bin Abi Hakim, the client of Al-Zubayr, told me that it was narrated on the authority of Khadija that she said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: O cousin, can you tell me about your companion who comes to you if he comes to you? He said: Yes. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, was there when Gabriel came to him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: This is Gabriel, who has come to me. She said: Do you see him now? He said: Yes. She said: Sit on my left side. So he sat down. She said: Do you see him now? He said: Yes. She said: Then sit on my right side.

So he sat down. She said: Do you see him now? He said: Yes. She said, "Turn around and sit on my lap." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, turned and sat down. She said: Do you see him? He said: Yes. He said: She was sad (1) and put down her veil and said: Do you see him? He said: No. She said: This is not a devil. This is an angel, cousin. Prove and give good news. Reported by Then I believed in him and bore witness that what he brought was the truth (2) Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Ali, on the authority of Anas, who said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: The best women in the world are Maryam bint Imran, Asiyah bint Muzahim, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, and Fatima bint Muhammad, peace be upon him (3). Reported by Abu Salih, on the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, wrote four lines on the ground. He said: Do you know what this is? They said: Allah and His Messenger know best.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, said: The best women of the people of Paradise are Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Fatima bint Muhammad, Maryam bint Imran, and Asiya bint Muzahim, the wife of Pharaoh (4). He said: In the origin of the Sheikh: Dawud Muslih. It was narrated by Arim: Dawud bin Abi Al-Furat, on the authority of Alba bin Ahmar. Ibrahim, Ismail and others told us with their chain of transmission on the authority of Muhammad bin Isa: Al-Hussein (5) Ibn Harith told us, Al-Fadl bin Musa told us, on the authority of Hisham bin Urwa, on the authority of his father, on the authority of Aisha that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, gave good news to Khadija of a house in Paradise made of reeds (6), in which there will be no noise or hardship (7).

Reported by Yahya bin Mahmoud and Abd al-Wahhab bin Abi Hibba, on the authority of Abdullah bin Jaafar, who said: I heard Ali bin Abi Talib, (1) saying: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, say: The best of her women is Khadija bint Khuwaylid, and the best of her women is Maryam bint Imran - Abu Kurayb said: Waki' pointed to the heaven and the earth (2). Reported by Abu Al-Fadl Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Muhammad Al-Tusi, on the authority of Ibn Abi Awfa, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, gave good news to Khadija of a house in Paradise made of reeds, in which there will be no noise or noise. (3). Abdullah bin Ahmad told us, Abu Bakr bin Badran Al-Halwani told us, he said: It was read to Abu Al-Hussein Muhammad bin Ahmed bin Muhammad Al-Abnusi. I was listening.

Reported by Abu Al-Hussein Muhammad bin Abdul-Rahman bin Jaafar Al-Dinauri, on the authority of Aisha said, who said: I was not as jealous of one of the Prophet ﷺ's wives as I was of Khadija. I could not have met her, and that was only because the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, mentioned her frequently. Even if it was among the sheep slaughtered, he would follow Khadija's friends with it and give it to them (4). Reported by Yahya bin Mahmoud and Abu Yasser, on the authority of Muslim, who said: Ibn Fudayl told us, on the authority of Amara, on the authority of Abu Zur'ah, he said: I heard Abu Hurairah say: Gabriel came to the Prophet ﷺ (5) peace be upon him and said: O Messenger of Allah, this is Khadija, she has come to you. She has a vessel containing human beings - or food or drink - and lo.

She has come to you, so read ﵍ from her Lord and from me, and give her good tidings of a house in Paradise made of reeds, in which there will be no noise or hardship. Abu Bakr said in his narration: On the authority of Abu Hurairah. He did not say "I heard," and he did not say in the hadith: "And from me (6)." Mujalid narrated, on the authority of Al-Sha'bi, on the authority of Masruq, on the authority of Aisha, who said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, would hardly leave the house until he mentioned Khadija and felt praise for her. One day he mentioned her and I was overcome with jealousy, so I said: Was she anything but an old woman? Allah has replaced you with someone better than her! So he became angry until the front of his hair shook with anger. He then said: No, by Allah, Allah has not replaced me with anything better than her.

She believed when people disbelieved. She believed me and people disbelieved me. She helped me with her money when people deprived me of it, and Allah blessed me with children from her when he deprived me of women's children. Aisha said: So I said to myself: I will never mention a bad thing to her (1). Al-Zubair bin Bakkar narrated, on the authority of Muhammad bin Al-Hasan, on the authority of Ya'la bin Al-Mughirah (2) on the authority of Ibn Abi Rawwad, who said: the Messenger of Allah ﷺ visited Khadija during her illness in which she died, and said to her: Because of my hatred, I do not praise you, O Khadija, and Allah may make hatred much good. Did you not know that Allah Almighty made me marry with you in Paradise, Maryam bint Imran, and Kaltham, the sister of Musa? Asiya, Pharaoh's wife. She said: And he did that, O Messenger? He said: Yes. She said: With prosperity and children.

Reported by Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad, on the authority of Ibn Ishaq, who said: Then Khadija died after Abu Talib. They both died within the same year, so calamities continued to befall the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, through the deaths of Khadija and Abu Talib. Khadija had been his faithful supporter in Islam. He found comfort in her (3). Abu Ubaidah Muammar ibn Al-Muthanna said: "Khadija died five years before the Hijra. Another report places her death four years before the Hijra. Urwa and Qatada said: She died three years before the Hijra. This is correct. Aisha said: Khadija died before prayer was made obligatory. According to another account, Khadija's death occurred three days after Abu Talib, and her death occurred in Ramadan. She was buried at Al-Hajun. Another report states: She was sixty-five years old. The three compilers recorded this biography.