Hadith 6 of Nawawi : « That which is lawful is clear, that which is unlawful is clear,… »

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Hadith number 6 of the collection of the 40 hadiths of Imam an-Nawawi, in a faithful English translation.

Updated on 10 September 2026 at 2:45 AM

📖 14 min read

Text of the hadith

On the authority of Abu Abdallah an-Nouman ibn Bashir (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: « That which is lawful is clear, that which is unlawful is clear, and between the two are matters ambiguous which many people do not know. Whoever guards against the doubtful preserves his religion and his honor; whoever falls into the doubtful falls into the unlawful, like a shepherd grazing around a sanctuary about to enter it. Is it not that every king has a sanctuary, and Allah's sanctuary is what He has declared unlawful? There is a piece of flesh in the body: if it is sound, the whole body is sound; if it is corrupt, the whole body is corrupt , it is the heart. » Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim.

The collection

This hadith belongs to the collection of the 40 hadiths of Imam an-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him), the most studied hadith compilation in the world: foundations of faith, worship and character, all authentic narrations.

Arabic version with the commentary of Ibn Rajab

[Of the two matters:] matters confusing many people: lawful or unlawful; the firmly rooted in knowledge: confused not: knowing of which kind they are.

The pure lawful

As for the pure lawful: like eating good things of crops, fruits and cattle; drinking good drinks; wearing needed cotton, linen, wool and hair: likewise marriage, manumission and other: when acquired by valid contract: like sale: or inheritance, gift or spoils.

The pure unlawful

The pure unlawful: like eating carrion, blood, swine-flesh, drinking wine, marrying forbidden women, men wearing silk: like unlawful acquisition: usury, gambling, unsellable's price, wealth seized by theft, usurpation or deception, and such.

The ambiguous

The ambiguous: like eating some disputed lawful or unlawful: of objects: horses, mules, donkeys, dabb-lizard; drinking disputed forbidden: naqi juices many-enervating; wearing disputed permissible: fierce-beast skins and such; disputed earnings: ayna and tawarruq questions: and such: Ahmad, Ishaq and other imams explained ambiguities herein.

The gist herein

The gist: Allah, the Most High, sent down upon His prophet the book: explaining therein the community's needed lawful and unlawful: as the Most High says:

"We sent down upon you the book: explaining everything."

An-Nahl, 89

Mujahid and others say: everything commanded or prohibited. Allah, the Most High, says, at women-sura's end wherein He explains many wealth- and wives-rulings:

"Allah explains you, lest you stray: and Allah everything-Knowing."

An-Nisa, 176

and the Most High says:

"Why eat you not of that Allah's name mentioned upon: detailed you what He prohibited, except what compelled to."

Al-An'am, 119

and the Most High says:

"Allah erred not a people after guiding them: till explaining what they guard against."

At-Tawba, 115

Clarifying the descent's ambiguous entrusted to the Messenger: as the Most High says:

"We sent down to you the reminder: explaining the people what descended them."

An-Nahl, 44

Religion's completion

Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) died not till completing for him and community religion: hence descended at Arafat, little before death:

"Today completed I your religion, perfected My grace upon you, and approved Islam your religion."

Al-Ma'ida, 3

He said (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "I left you upon the clear white path: its night like its day: deviating only perishing." Abu Dharr, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) died: no sky-wing-flapping bird but mentioned us knowledge thereof." People doubting his death (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): uncle al-Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "By Allah: Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) died not leaving the way clearly traced: lawfying lawful, forbidding unlawful: marrying, divorcing, fighting, peacing: not like a shepherd following sheep, hitting mountain-tops with his staff: watering his trough by hand: like Allah's Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) among you."

[Allah and messenger left lawful and unlawful nothing unexplained:] In sum: Allah and His messenger left lawful nothing unexplained: unlawful unexplained: some more apparent-explained: explained, famous, necessarily-religion-known: no doubt remaining: none excused ignorance in Islam-appearing land.

Scholars' divergences' causes

Lesser-explained: some spreading only Law-bearers: scholars consensus licensing or forbidding: hidden to non-them some. Some spreading not Law-bearers: diverged licensing forbidding: causes: text hidden, few transmitting: knowledge-bearers' all reached not; two texts transmitting: licensing, prohibiting: one group one reached: holding theirs: or both reached, abrogating-unknown: suspending; no explicit text: generality, implication, analogy taken: scholars' understandings differing much; command and prohibition: scholars' understandings diverging command obligation-recommendation, prohibition forbiddance-disapproval.

Community needs truth-saying scholar

Divergence-causes more than mentioned: yet community needs truth-word scholar: he the ruling's scholar: others ambiguous: not knowing: community error-gathered not: false-folk over right-folk appearing not: truth not abandoned un-acted all lands and eras: hence he said (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) of ambiguities: "many people know them not": indicating people knowing: ambiguous only non-knowers: ambiguous not in the affair: the sufficient cause of some things confusing many scholars.

Lawful-unlawful ambiguity causes

Scholars' and others' lawful-unlawful confusion may arise otherwise: things licensing-cause known: certain ownership; prohibition-cause known: other's ownership established. First: licensing lifts not but ownership-removal certainty: except wives with Malik's doubt-divorce: or Ishaq ibn Rahuwayh's preponderance. Second: prohibition lifts not but ownership-transfer certainty.

Ownership-root unknown

Ownership-root unknown: man's house-found, his or other's unknowing: ambiguous: taking prohibited not: apparent: house-content his: hand-established. Scrupulousness: avoiding: Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) word: "I return to my family: finding a date fallen on my bed: lifting eating: fearing charity: casting." Both report in authentic collections.

When does doubt intensify?

Forbidden-kind present, doubting thereof: doubt intensifying. Amr ibn Shu'ayb's hadith, from father, grandfather, may Allah please him: the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) night-insomnia-struck: wives saying: O Messenger of Allah! Sleepless tonight? He said: "a date found my side: eating: charity-dates with us: fearing thereof: guarding." Hereof: licensing-root (water, garment, earth purity) origin-removal uncertain: using permitted: prohibition-root (wives, animal-meat): licensing only slaughter and contract-certainty.

Scientist hesitating ruling?

Hesitating by another-cause appearance: returns to root: building prohibition-root on prohibition: hence the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prohibited eating game with hunter-found other-arrow trace, other-dog, water-fallen: not knowing licit-cause death or other.

Rulings founded on certainty

Licensing-root returns licensing: water, earth, garment impure not by mere impurity-conjecture: likewise body: purity-verified, hadath-nullification doubted: scholars' majority: against Malik, mercy on him: prayer-entered not. Authenticated of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): man complained imagining prayer-finding: he said: "retire not till hearing sound, smelling odor." Versions: "in the mosque": replacing "prayer": generalizing prayer and other.

Strong suspicion-preponderance cause found?

Strong cause found preponderating impurity-opinion of purity-rooted: careless disbeliever-garment: confusion-place. Scholars permitting: root-taking; disliking: disapproval; prohibiting impurity-conjecture-strengthening: un-slaughter-permitted disbeliever, private-exposing: trousers, shirts.

These questions' rule

These and such return origin-apparent conflict rule: origin purity, apparent impurity.

Proofs' conflict

Proofs conflicted: purity-sayers: Allah, the Most High, permitted People-of-Book food: their-hands their-vessels-made: Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) answered Jew's invitation: companions wearing using disbeliever-woven clothes vessels: campaigns sharing vessels-clothes: polytheist-waterskin water used. Impurity-sayers: authenticated Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) People-of-Book vessels-question: pork-eating, wine-drinking: "finding none else: wash water: eat therein."

Doubt with Imam Ahmad

Imam Ahmad explained doubt: between pure-lawful pure-unlawful: saying: "avoiding: purified his religion." Sometimes explained: lawful-unlawful mixing. Mixed-wealth-doer consequence: haram-more: avoid, Ahmad saying: except little, unknown; our companions: disliked or prohibited: two ways. Licit-more: dealing, eating permitted.

Sultan's gifts

Al-Harith reports Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, of sultan-gifts: "no harm: licit-giving more than unlawful."

Dealing polytheists, People of the Book

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and companions dealt polytheists, People-of-Book: knowing all-unlawful-avoiding not.

Affair ambiguous?

Ambiguous: doubt: scrupulousness: leaving. Sufyan said: "displeasing: leaving pleasing more." Az-Zuhri, Makhul: eating harm-none: specifically-unlawful unknown; shubha-knowing: eating harm-none: Ahmad explicit in Hanbal narration. Ishaq ibn Rahuwayh: Ibn Mas'oud's, Salman's, others' license-reported: al-Hasan's, Ibn Sirin's usury-gambling-judgment-taking permitting: Ibn Mansur transferring.

Ahmad's mixed licit-unlawful wealth ruling

Imam Ahmad said wealth licit-illicite-mixed: "much: haram-measure extracting: rest disposing; little: avoiding all." Little: taking: haram-safety hard: unlike much. Our companions: scrupulousness not prohibition carried: little-much extraction-after disposal permitted: Hanafis', others': scrupulousness-folk taking: Bishr al-Hafi. Predecessors permitting haram-knowing eating: specifically-unknown: Makhul, az-Zuhri preceded: al-Fudayl ibn Iyad like-reported. Predecessor-effects: Humayd ibn Zanjawayh's adab-book, al-Khallal's collection-book, Abd ar-Razzaq's, Ibn Abi Shayba's collections, others: Ibn Mas'oud authenticated: asked of riba-publicly-eating, impure-wealth-unashamed, food-inviting neighbor: "answer: ease yours, sin his." Version: told: naught but impure, unlawful knowing: "answer." Imam Ahmad authenticated of Ibn Mas'oud: contradicting his "sin hearts'-scratcher"-reported. Salman like Ibn Mas'oud's first saying: Sa'id ibn Jubayr, al-Hasan al-Basri, Murriq al-Ijli, Ibrahim an-Nakha'i, Ibn Sirin, others. Effects: Humayd ibn Zanjawayh's adab-book, al-Khallal's Jami', Abd ar-Razzaq's, Ibn Abi Shayba's collections.

Thing-itself unlawful-knowing: unlawful-view taking?

Thing-itself unlawful-knowing: unlawful-view taken: taking prohibited: consensus reported Ibn Abd al-Barr, others. Ibn Sirin reported of riba-judging man: "harm-none": gambling-judging: "harm-none." Al-Khallal reports authentic chain. Al-Hasan contrary-reported: earnings corrupted: need-like taking. Ibn Mas'oud's, Salman's reported: Abu Bakr as-Siddiq's, may Allah be pleased with him, eating, unlawful-told: vomiting, contradicted.

Ruling ambiguity: fruit floating attracting roots-between

Ruling ambiguity may occur fruit floating attracting-roots: man's wife-prohibition: li'an-presentation prohibition major-expiation-lifting: one-divorce prohibition idda-end: wife new-contract-lawful: triple-divorce prohibition: wife-lawful-not: food-drink prohibition Allah-licenced: not prohibiting: minor-expiation or naught: diverged: divergence multiplied Companions' era, after.

Ambiguous matters some-apparent

In any case: ambiguous matters many-people unclear lawful-unlawful: Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) informing: some apparent lawful-unlawful: extra-knowledge.

The many knowing not

Prophet's word (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) indicates ambiguities: people-knowing, many-knowing-not: non-knowers two kinds: suspending ambiguity; believing otherwise: his word others-knowing indicating: knowing reality: licensing, forbidding: strongest proofs: ambiguous disputed lawful-unlawful correct with Allah one, the Mighty and Majestic: others unknowing: Allah's-ruling-attaining not: belief conjecture-proof-deemed: ijtihad-rewarded: error-unreliance-forgiven.

His saying: "doubt-avoider purified religion and honor"

His saying: "doubt-avoider: purified religion, honor: doubt-faller: unlawful-fallen": people ambiguity-divided two: ambiguity-holder, non-knower. Knower, knowledge-following: third unmentioned category: ruling-apparent: best three: Allah's ambiguous-ruling knowing: knowledge-following: Allah's ruling unknowing: two: doubt-avoiding ambiguity-holder: religion, honor purified: istibra: religion, honor deficiency-disgrace-innocence-seeking: honor: praise-blame place: good-mention praised, ugly-mention faulted: self, predecessors, family sometimes: ambiguity-avoiding: honor non-avoider's faulting-disgrace protected: doubt-committing: faulting, reproach exposing: predecessors: "suspicion-exposing: ill-thinking blamer blame-not." At-Tirmidhi version: "istibra-purpose leaving: saved." Meaning: innocence-intent leaving: corruption-purpose display not. Honor-innocence-seeking praised: religion-like: "honor-protecting all: charity." Authentic collections' version: "sin-ambiguous leaver: clear-leaver worthier": sin-leaving ambiguity-undetermined: clearer-leaving worthier: sin-guarding: people-display-sinner: pleasing-leaving only.

Second kind: doubt-comer ambiguity-knowing

Doubt-deeming-comer, really-lawful-knowing: Allah-burden-none: people-reproach-fearing: leaving honor-istibra: good: Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Safiyya-seer word: "she is Safiyya, Huwayy's daughter." Anas Friday-out: prayed-people seeing: shamed: unseen-place entering: "people-shameless: Allah-shameless." At-Tabarani reports raised: unauthentic.

Doubt-comer lawfulness-believing

Lawfulness-believing-comer: sound ijtihad or imitation, erring-belief: predecessor's ruling: weak ijtihad, impermissible imitation, mere whim-following: ambiguity-comer's ruling.

Doubt-comer ambiguity-knowing

Doubt-comer ambiguity-knowing: Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) informed unlawful-falling: two meanings: doubt-believing-committing: believed-haram gradual-committing path: authentic collections' version: "sin-doubting, unclear daring: apparent-affronting": version: "doubt-frequenter: daring-near" (meaning: approaching) "pure-unlawful." Daring: fearless, unwatching: some reporting j-jim shin-replacing: grazing, jasar, beast-grazing. Abu al-Mutawakkil an-Naji's mursal, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "haram-borders-pasturing: mixing-near: minor-neglecting: majors-mixing-near." Second meaning: ambiguous-comer lawful-unlawful unknowing: really-haram-unsafe: haram encountering unknowing.

Ibn Umar's hadith, may Allah be pleased with both, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "lawful clear, unlawful clear: between ambiguities: avoider: religion, honor purest: doubt-faller: unlawful-falling-near: sanctuary-around-pasture-like: affronting-near: unfeeling." At-Tabarani and others report.

Parents' obedience in doubt

Scholars diverged: parents-obeying doubt-entering: Bishr ibn al-Harith reported: "doubt-obedience-none." Muhammad ibn Muqatil al-Abbadani: obeying. Ahmad suspending: "manage-them": answering-refusing.

Doubt-sourced sale

Ahmad said: doubt-satiating not, doubt-adornment-garment buying not: eating, wearing lawful suspending: bird-cast date: eating not, taking not, exposing not. House-wealth discovery

ath-Thawri said house-finding coins, dirhams-man: "avoiding dearer": whence-unknown meaning. Predecessors some: whence-knowing-until eating-not: enquiring origin-standing: raised hadith reported: weak therein.

His saying: "sanctuary-around-pasture-like: pasturing-near: know: each king a sanctuary: Allah's sanctuary: His prohibitions"

Parable the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) struck doubt-faller: pure-haram-falling-near: versions: "example-striking": prohibitions kings'-protected-sanctuary-like: approach-forbidding. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made around his Medina twelve miles: forbidden sanctuary: tree-cutting, hunting-not: Umar, Uthman protected pasture-places: charity-camels: Allah, glorified: prohibitions-protecting: servants-approach-forbidding: limits-naming: the Most High says:

"These are Allah's limits: approach not: thus Allah explains His verses people: mindful perhaps."

Al-Baqara, 187

Containing: licit, forbidden delimited: haram-approaching, licit-transgressing not: another verse likewise:

"These are Allah's limits: transgress not: transgressor Allah's limits: the unjust."

Al-Baqara, 229

Sanctuary-around or-near pasturer: entering, pasturing deserving: licit-transgressor, doubt-faller: haram-utmost-nearing: pure-haram mixing, falling: what character!

Forbidden-distancing obligatory

Allusion: forbidden-distancing befitting: barrier-making. Harm-veil-taking

At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah report Abd Allah ibn Yazid's hadith, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "servant mindful-attaining not: harmless-leaving precautionarily, harmful-what." Abu al-Darda, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "piety's completeness: Allah-fearing ant-weight: lawful-seeming some-leaving: unlawful-fearing: haram-veil." Al-Hasan said: "piety remained the mindful: much lawful-leaving haram-fearing." ath-Thawri said: "mindful-named: unfeared-fearing." Ibn Umar reported saying: "love: haram-between licit-garment leaving: un-torn." Maymun ibn Mihran said: "lawful man-granted not: haram-between licit-obstacle-making." Sufyan ibn Uyayna said: "faith-reality attaining not: haram-between licit-obstacle: sin, similar-leaving."

The hadith and ways-barring

This hadith haram-ways-barring, means-forbidding argumenting: Sharia rules indicating: little-intoxicant much-forbidding: foreign-woman privacy-forbidding: dawn-, midday-after prayer-forbidding: sunrise-, sunset-prayer-pretext barring: faster-desire-stirring intercourse-forbidding: scholars-many menstruating woman navel-knee intercourse-forbidding: barrier-behind: Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wife-commanding: izar-wearing: cloth-above touching.

Examples: Prophet's parable-like: animal other-crop-sending: crop-spoil guaranteeing: day-even: correct: negligent-sending: hunting-dog sanctuary-near sending, entering, hunting: guarantee: two Ahmad narrations: always-guaranteeing said.

His saying: "body-morsel: sound: body-whole sound: corrupt: body-whole corrupt: the heart"

Allusion: servant's limb-movements rectitude, forbidden-avoiding, doubt-guarding: heart-movement rectitude-by: heart sound: Allah-love, beloved-love, Allah-fear, hated-falling-fear: limb-movements all-rectified: all-forbidden-avoiding, doubt-guarding: forbidden-falling-precaution: heart corrupt: whim-following, beloved-seeking usurping: Allah-hating though: limb-movements corrupted: sins, ambiguities-all whim-heart-following.

The heart the king: members its soldiers

Hence said: "heart members'-king: rest members soldiers: obedient soldiers: obedience-rushing: command-executing: naught-contradicting." King sound: soldiers sound: corrupt: soldiers likewise: Allah-benefiting: sound heart only: the Most High says:

"The day wealth, sons benefit not: Allah-comer sound-heart only."

Ash-Shu'ara, 88-89

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said in supplication: "O Allah! Sound heart I ask." Sound heart: ills, dislikes-all safe: Allah-love, Allah-beloved-love, Allah-fear, distancing-fear only.

Faith uprightness: heart uprightness

Imam Ahmad's Musnad, may Allah have mercy on him, from Anas, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "servant's faith uprights: heart uprights till." Faith uprightness: limb-deeds uprightness: limb-deeds uprighting: heart-uprightness-but: heart uprightness: Allah's-love, obedience-love, disobedience-hate filling.

Al-Hasan told a man: "heart-mend: Allah's servants-need: hearts-rectitude." Meaning: His intent, sought: hearts-rectitude: hearts rectifying: Allah-knowledge, greatness, love, fear, awe, hope, trust-installing: filling.

Faith uprightness: oneness reality

This oneness reality: la ilaha illa Allah meaning: hearts rectifying: deity worshipping, knowing, loving, fearing: Allah alone, no partner: heavens-earth deity besides: corrupted: the Most High says:

"Deities besides Allah therein: corrupted."

Al-Anbiya, 22

Known: upper, lower world rectitude-none: people's, body movements heart-movement, will-following: Allah-alone: rectified: body-whole: other-than-Allah heart-movement: corrupted: body-movements heart-corruption-by.

Oneness: Allah-love

Al-Layth reports Mujahid, His word: "associating naught": "love-none besides Me." Hakim's Sahih, Aicha, may Allah be pleased with her, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "association subtler ant-walk rock-upon dark-night: nearest: injustice-loving, justice-hating: religion love-hate but?" The Most High says:

"Say: Allah-loving: follow me: Allah loving you."

Al Imran, 31

Allah-hated loving

Indicating: Allah-hated-loving, Allah-loved-hating: whim-following, allying, opposing: hidden association: His word indicating:

"Say: Allah-loving: follow me: Allah loving you."

Al Imran, 31

Allah made love-truth's sign messenger-following: love obedience-conformity-completing-not indicating.

Allah-love's sign

Al-Hasan, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Allah's Messenger's companions (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: O Messenger of Allah! Our Lord intensely loving: Allah love-sign desiring: verse descending: "Say: Allah-loving: follow me: Allah loving you." Hence al-Hasan said: "know: Allah-loving till obedience-loving." Dhul-Nun the Egyptian asked: Lord-loving when? Said: "His-hated bitterer than bile." Bishr ibn as-Sari said: "love-signs not: beloved-hated loving." Abu Ya'qub an-Nahrajuri said: "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, love-claiming: Allah-order conforming-not: claim invalid." Ruwaym said: "love: all-states conforming." Yahya ibn Mu'adh said: "Allah-love-claiming: limits-guarding-not: untruthful." Predecessors: "ancient books read: Allah-loving: satisfaction-preferring-naught: world-loving: soul-desire-preferring-naught."

Course wholly Allah's

Sunan, from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: "Allah-giving, Allah-withholding, Allah-loving, Allah-hating: faith completed." Meaning: heart, limb-movements all-Allah: faith completed: outward, inward.

Limb-rectitude heart-rectitude-between

Heart-movement rectitude: limb-movement rectitude-necessitating: heart sound: Allah's-will, His-will-only: limbs His-willed-only-erupting: pleasure-racing: hated, suspected-withholding: uncertain-though.

Predecessors' courses, sayings

Al-Hasan, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "sight-directing, tongue-speaking, hand-striking, foot-rising never: considering: obedience, disobedience: obedience-advancing, disobedience-retreating." Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Balkhi said: "forty years a step non-Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, walking-not." Dawud at-Ta'i told: "shadow-sun moving?" Saying: "steps written-how unknowing." These folk: hearts rectified: will non-Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, remaining-naught: limbs rectified: Allah, the Mighty and Majestic-only moving: satisfaction-containing: Allah, the Most High, knows best.