The second year’s events: Badr, the qibla and the obligations

Has preceded our mention of his marriage (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Aisha, mother of the believers (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and we mentioned the famous campaigns past, which comprised the deaths of famous figures among the believers and the polytheists. Died that year: of the martyrs of the day of Badr, fourteen men, between Emigrants and Ansar, their names already cited; and the chiefs of Quraysh’s polytheists, seventy men upon the famous account. Died shortly after the battle Abu Lahab, Abd al-Uzza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, may Allah curse him, as has preceded.

When the good news reached the believers of Medina’s people with Zayd ibn Haritha and Abdallah ibn Rawaha : of what Allah permitted against the polytheists and of the victory granted the believers :, they found Rouqayya, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), had died and been covered with earth; her husband Uthman ibn Affan had remained nursing her by the Prophet’s (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) order to him, and hence he marked for him his arrow’s share in Badr’s spoils, his reward being with Allah on the Day of Resurrection. Then he married him her other sister, Umm Koulthoum, daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): hence Uthman ibn Affan was called “Dhou al-Nourayn,” the possessor of the two lights. And it is said none married two daughters of a prophet, one after the other, but he (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and He was pleased with them.

In that year the qibla was changed, as has preceded; and the residence prayer had added to it what preceded. In it was prescribed the fast of Ramadan, as has preceded; and were prescribed the zakat with the fixed amounts and the zakat of breaking. In it the polytheists of Medina’s people and the Jews therein submitted: Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza and the Jews of the Banu Haritha made peace with the Muslims; a large group of polytheists and Jews manifested Islam, while inwardly hypocrites: some remained upon their former state, and some dissolved entirely, remaining wavering, neither toward these nor those, as Allah described them in His Book.

Ibn Jarir said: in that year the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) wrote the covenants, which were hung upon his sword. Ibn Jarir said: it is said al-Hassan ibn Ali was born therein. As for al-Waqidi, he claimed Ibn Abi Sabra related to him, from Ishaq ibn Abdallah, from Abu Ja’far, that Ali ibn Abi Talib entered upon Fatima in Dhu al-Hijja of it: that first view is false.