Madd far'i (secondary madd)

Islam > Quran > Tajweed > Madd far'i (secondary madd)

The definition of the madd far'i

It is the madd added to the madd tabi'i (natural) for one of the causes.

Its causes

The causes of the madd far'i are two:

1. The hamzah.
2. The sukoon.

Each of the two is called a verbal cause (lafziyyah), because it is the reason for the increase of the madd far'i over the natural madd¹.

Its types

The types of the madd far'i are five:

1. The madd muttasil (connected).
2. The madd munfasil (separated).
3. The madd badal (substituted), and these three types have the hamzah as their cause.
4. The madd 'arid li-s-sukoon (accidental to the sukoon).
5. The madd lazim (necessary), and these two types have the sukoon as their cause.

Its rulings

The rulings of the madd far'i are three:

1. Obligation (wujub).
2. Permissibility (jawaz).
3. Necessity (luzum).

Obligation: specific to the madd muttasil alone.

Permissibility: specific to the madd munfasil, the madd 'arid li-s-sukoon and the madd badal.

Necessity: specific to the madd lazim alone.

The muttasil is wajib because its extension beyond the natural madd is obligatory by consensus among all the readers, while the munfasil, the 'arid li-s-sukoon and the badal each have permissibility as their ruling, because of the permission to lengthen them or shorten them; and the lazim is necessary because of the obligation to lengthen its madd by a single measure, which is six harakat, as will come.

Follows the examination of each of these five types individually.