Idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer

Islam > Quran > Tajweed > Idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer

Ruling of the meem saakin. For the idghaam of the noon saakin and the tanween, see Idghaam of the noon saakin.

The letter of the idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer

This idghaam has a single letter: the meem. When a mutaharrik meem follows the meem saakin, the idghaam is obligatory: it is called idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer (lesser idghaam of twins), and it is likewise accompanied by the obligatory ghunnah.

Examples of the idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ ءَامِنُوا۟ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ قَالُوا۟ نُؤْمِنُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَكْفُرُونَ بِمَا وَرَآءَهُۥ وَهُوَ ٱلْحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًۭا لِّمَا مَعَهُمْ ۗ قُلْ فَلِمَ تَقْتُلُونَ أَنۢبِيَآءَ ٱللَّهِ مِن قَبْلُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ

al-Baqarah, 91

وَيَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ ٱلْبَنَـٰتِ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ ۙ وَلَهُم مَّا يَشْتَهُونَ

an-Nahl, 57

أَفَمَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَـٰنَهُۥ عَلَىٰ تَقْوَىٰ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ وَرِضْوَٰنٍ خَيْرٌ أَم مَّنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَـٰنَهُۥ عَلَىٰ شَفَا جُرُفٍ هَارٍۢ فَٱنْهَارَ بِهِۦ فِى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِى ٱلْقَوْمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ

at-Tawbah, 109

Why this name "idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer"?

As for its name idghaam: it is the assimilation of the meem saakin into the mutaharrik meem.

As for its name mutamaathilayn (twins): it is because it is composed of two letters meeting at the point of articulation and in the characteristic, the first being melted into the second.

As for its name sagheer (lesser)⁴: it is because the first of the two is saakin and the second mutaharrik, and that is the cause of the idghaam.

Additional examples (Qawa'id al-Tajwid on the recitation of Hafs)

وَٱللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُم مِّمَّا خَلَقَ ظِلَـٰلًۭا وَجَعَلَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلْجِبَالِ أَكْنَـٰنًۭا وَجَعَلَ لَكُمْ سَرَٰبِيلَ تَقِيكُمُ ٱلْحَرَّ وَسَرَٰبِيلَ تَقِيكُم بَأْسَكُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ يُتِمُّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُسْلِمُونَ

Surah 16, 81: Idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer: the meem saakin of لكم assimilates into the following meem with ghunnah.

هَـٰٓأَنتُمْ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ جَـٰدَلْتُمْ عَنْهُمْ فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا فَمَن يُجَـٰدِلُ ٱللَّهَ عَنْهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَـٰمَةِ أَم مَّن يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكِيلًۭا

Surah 4, 109: Idghaam mutamaathilayn sagheer: the meem saakin of أم assimilates into the meem of من.