Idghaam of the Noon Saakinah and the Tanween

Islam > Quran > Tajweed > Idghaam of the Noon Saakinah and the Tanween

The definition of idghaam

In the language: insertion. One says: adghama l-farasa l-lijama fi fihi, that is: he inserted the bit into the mouth of the horse.

In the terminology: introducing the first letter into the second, so that they become a single letter accompanied by a shaddah.

Its benefit is ease: for the pronunciation of identical or near letters, their separation and the making evident of each of them weigh upon the tongue; relief was therefore brought through idghaam, so that the assimilated letter pronounces two letters at once, the first saakinah and the second mutaharrik.

The letters of the idghaam of the noon saakinah and the tanween

The noon saakinah is assimilated only into the letters of Yarmaloon: into four of them with a ghunnah, namely the yaa, the noon, the meem and the waaw, and into two without ghunnah, namely the laam and the raa.

This idghaam remains incomplete in the waaw and the yaa, for the ghunnah remains apparent there, being a characteristic of the noon. It is, on the other hand, complete in the laam and the raa. It therefore exists only between two words: the letters of Yarmaloon are neither identical (mutamathilayn) nor homogeneous (mutajanisayn) with the noon, and their assimilation is a case specific to the noon saakinah, outside the general rule of idghaam.

Examples of idghaam with ghunnah

إِن يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍۢ جَدِيدٍۢ

Surah 35, 16: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of إن is assimilated into the yaa of يشأ.

لَا تَعْتَذِرُوا۟ قَدْ كَفَرْتُم بَعْدَ إِيمَـٰنِكُمْ ۚ إِن نَّعْفُ عَن طَآئِفَةٍۢ مِّنكُمْ نُعَذِّبْ طَآئِفَةًۢ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ مُجْرِمِينَ

Surah 9, 66: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of إن is assimilated into the noon of نعف.

أَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّمَا نُمِدُّهُم بِهِۦ مِن مَّالٍۢ وَبَنِينَ

Surah 23, 55: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the meem of مال.

وَٱنشَقَّتِ ٱلسَّمَآءُ فَهِىَ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ وَاهِيَةٌۭ

Surah 69, 16: Idghaam with ghunnah: the tanween of يومئذ is assimilated into the waaw of واهية.

Examples of idghaam without ghunnah

وَتَحْمِلُ أَثْقَالَكُمْ إِلَىٰ بَلَدٍۢ لَّمْ تَكُونُوا۟ بَـٰلِغِيهِ إِلَّا بِشِقِّ ٱلْأَنفُسِ ۚ إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَرَءُوفٌۭ رَّحِيمٌۭ

Surah 16, 7: Idghaam without ghunnah: the noon saakinah of لرووف is assimilated into the raa of رحيم.

إِنَّ رَبَّهُم بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍۢ لَّخَبِيرٌۢ

Surah 100, 11: Idghaam without ghunnah: the tanween of يومئذ is assimilated into the laam of لخبير.

The exception: no idghaam within a single word

It is impossible to assimilate the noon saakinah into the letters of Yarmaloon when the latter is joined to it within a single word, as in الدُّنْيَا, صِنْوَان, بُنْيَانَهُم and قِنْوَان: the noon is there made apparent with the ghunnah. As for the other letters, there is no difference between their meeting within a single word or their separation across two words, provided the conditions of idghaam are met.

وَءَاثَرَ ٱلْحَيَوٰةَ ٱلدُّنْيَا

Surah 79, 38: No idghaam in the same word: the noon saakinah of الدنيا remains apparent before the yaa that follows it, with ghunnah.

وَفِى ٱلْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌۭ مُّتَجَـٰوِرَٰتٌۭ وَجَنَّـٰتٌۭ مِّنْ أَعْنَـٰبٍۢ وَزَرْعٌۭ وَنَخِيلٌۭ صِنْوَانٌۭ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَانٍۢ يُسْقَىٰ بِمَآءٍۢ وَٰحِدٍۢ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ فِى ٱلْأُكُلِ ۚ إِنَّ فِى ذَٰلِكَ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍۢ لِّقَوْمٍۢ يَعْقِلُونَ

Surah 13, 4: No idghaam in the same word: the noon saakinah of صنوان remains apparent before the waaw that follows it, with ghunnah.

قَدْ مَكَرَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ فَأَتَى ٱللَّهُ بُنْيَـٰنَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْقَوَاعِدِ فَخَرَّ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلسَّقْفُ مِن فَوْقِهِمْ وَأَتَىٰهُمُ ٱلْعَذَابُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ

Surah 16, 26: No idghaam in the same word: the noon saakinah of بنيانهم remains apparent before the yaa that follows it, with ghunnah.

Additional examples (قواعد التجويد on the recitation of Hafs)

وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ ءَايَةًۭ يُعْرِضُوا۟ وَيَقُولُوا۟ سِحْرٌۭ مُّسْتَمِرٌّۭ

Surah 54, 2: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of إن is assimilated into the yaa of يروا.

وَمَآ ءَاتَيْنَـٰهُم مِّن كُتُبٍۢ يَدْرُسُونَهَا ۖ وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمْ قَبْلَكَ مِن نَّذِيرٍۢ

Surah 34, 44: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the noon of نذير.

ثُمَّ جَعَلَ نَسْلَهُۥ مِن سُلَـٰلَةٍۢ مِّن مَّآءٍۢ مَّهِينٍۢ

Surah 32, 8: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the meem of ماء مهين.

لَّهُمْ عَذَابٌۭ فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۖ وَلَعَذَابُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ أَشَقُّ ۖ وَمَا لَهُم مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ مِن وَاقٍۢ

Surah 13, 34: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the waaw of واق.

وَمَآ أَنتُم بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ مِن وَلِىٍّۢ وَلَا نَصِيرٍۢ

Surah 42, 31: Idghaam with ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the waaw of ولي.

جَزَآءًۭ مِّن رَّبِّكَ عَطَآءً حِسَابًۭا

Surah 78, 36: Idghaam without ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the raa of ربك.

أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًۭى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ وَأُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ

Surah 2, 5: Idghaam without ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the raa of ربهم.

وَإِنِّى خِفْتُ ٱلْمَوَٰلِىَ مِن وَرَآءِى وَكَانَتِ ٱمْرَأَتِى عَاقِرًۭا فَهَبْ لِى مِن لَّدُنكَ وَلِيًّۭا

Surah 19, 5: Idghaam without ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the laam of لدنك.

وَمَن لَّمْ يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ فَإِنَّآ أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَـٰفِرِينَ سَعِيرًۭا

Surah 48, 13: Idghaam without ghunnah: the noon saakinah of من is assimilated into the laam of لم.

Read also: izhaar halqi, the ikhfa haqeeqi, the iqlaab, the mutaqariban, the mutaba'adan and Questions on the noon saakinah.