Kalandar Musulunci > Ganin Sabuwar Wata (Hilal) > Yadda kowace ƙasa ke ƙayyade farkon wata na hijira?
Farkon wata na hijira ya dogara ne da ganin hilal (ru'yat al-hilal) yadda kowace hukuma ta fahimta: ganin gaskiya da ido kawai, hasashen falaki da ake karɓa, ko kalandar da aka ƙidaya a gaba. Saboda haka kwanakin na iya zama suka bambanta da rana ɗaya tsakanin ƙasashe, musamman a watan Ramadan da Idin Fitar da Idin Adha. Ga hanyoyin da manyan kwamitoci suka sanar a fili.
An sabunta a 5 Okt 2026 à 00h46
| Ƙasa / hukuma | Hanyar da aka sanar |
|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Kwamitin shari'a na ganin hilal: shaidun ganin gani da ido kawai, waɗanda kotuna ke dubawa. Kalandar gudanarwa da aka ƙidaya a gaba (Umm al-Qura) ba a bi ta ba a watan Ramadan da Idin Fitar da Idin Adha. |
| Morocco | Kwamitin tsakiya na ganin hilal (Ma'aikatar Waqf da Harkokin Musulunci): ganin gani da ido kai tsaye, tare da sharuddan tsayi da nisa (elongation) masu hankali. |
| Algeria | Kwamitin ganin hilal na ƙasa: shaidun ganin gani da ido kawai, waɗanda aka haɗa su a matakin ƙasa. |
| Tunisia | Kwamitin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Addini: ganin gani da ido kai tsaye. |
| Libya, Sudan, Somaliya, Yemen | Kwamitocin ganin hilal na ƙasa: shaidun ganin gani da ido kawai. |
| Turkiyya | Diyanet (Hukumar Harkokin Addini): kalandar da aka ƙidaya a gaba. Ma'aunin da aka sanar: nisa (elongation) akalla digiri 8 da tsayin wata akalla digiri 5 lokacin faɗuwar rana, ana karɓar ganin da na'urar hangen nesa. |
| UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman | Kwamitocin ganin hilal na hukuma: shaidun ganin gani da ido kawai waɗanda hukumomin addini ke dubawa. |
| Jordan, Palasdinu, Siriya, Lebanon, Iraki, Masar | Kwamitocin ganin hilal na ƙasa da ido kawai, tare da tabbatarwa ta ƙidayar falaki; Jordan har ila yau tana ƙara sharuddan ganin (elongation, tsayi) don karɓar shaida. |
| Turai: ECFR | Majalisar Turai ta Fatwa da Bincike (ECFR): wata za ta fara ranar bayan haɗuwa idan haɗuwa ta faru kafin tsakar dare kuma a ranar haɗuwa wata ta faɗa bayan rana; in ba haka ba ranar biyu. Ma'aunin ƙidaya da masallatai da yawa na Turai suka ɗauka. |
| Arewacin Amurka: FCNA / ISNA | Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA): wata za ta fara ranar bayan haɗuwa idan haɗuwa ta faru kafin 12:00 UT kuma a ranar daya (a Makka) wata ta faɗa bayan rana; in ba haka ba ranar biyu. |
| Indonesia | Ayyuka biyu suna tare: gwamnati da Nahdlatul Ulama suna haɗa ƙidaya da shaidun gani (rukyat), yayin da Muhammadiyah ke amfani da ma'aunin ƙidaya wujud al-hilal (haɗuwa kafin faɗuwar rana da wata ta faɗa bayan rana). Saboda haka farawa wasu lokutan na bambanta da rana. |
| Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore | Kwamitocin haɗin gwiwa: ƙidaya (hisab) sannan neman gani (rukyat); kalandar hukuma na haɗa kwanakin a matakin ƙasa. |
| Pakistan | Kwamitin tsakiya na Ruet-e-Hilal: tattara shaidun ganin gani da ido kai tsaye a fadin ƙasa, sanarwa ɗaya. |
| Indiya, Bangladesh | Kwamitocin ganin hilal (Markazi Chand Committee a Indiya, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh a Bangladesh): shaidun ganin gani da ido kawai, waɗanda aka tattara gare su. |
| Afirka ta Kudu | Kwamitocin ganin hilal na yanki (ciki har da United Ulama Council of South Africa): shaidun ganin gani da ido kawai. |
| Nigeria | Sanarwar Sultan na Sokoto (Sultan of Sokoto), shugaban Majalisar Koli ta Harkokin Addinin Musulunci, bayan shaidun ganin da ido kawai. |
| Faransa | Hanyoyi da dama: kalandar da aka ƙidaya a gaba wadda EPSMF take fitarwa, bin ECFR da masallatai da yawa, ko ganin gida a Turai. Babu wata hukuma ɗaya ta ƙasa. |
| Sauran ƙasashe | Yawancin sauran kwamitoci suna cikin ɗaya daga cikin rukunannan da ke sama: ganin gani da ido kai tsaye, ma'aunin ƙidaya, ko haɗa duka biyun. |
Hanyoyi biyu suna tare: ganin hilal kai tsaye (ru'ya) da ƙidayar falaki (hisab). Wasu kwamitoci suna buƙatar ganin gaskiya da ido kawai, wasu suna karɓar hasashen ganin, wasu kuma suna bin kalandar da aka ƙidaya a gaba. A bisa matsayi kan ikhtilaf al-matali', wato haɗakar ko rabuwar yankunan gani, shaidar da ta dace a wata ƙasa ana iya karɓarta a wata ko kuma a yi watsi da ita. Saboda haka yiwuwa ƙasashe biyu su fara wata ɗaya da bambancin rana ɗaya.
Zagare-zagaren matakan wata yana ɗaukar kusan kwanaki 29.5, saboda haka kowace wata na hijira tana da kwanaki 29 ko 30. Idan ba a ga hilal da maraice na kwana ta 29 ba, ana kammala wata da kwanaki 30, bisa dokar kada a fara wata kafin ganinta.
Yawanci a'a: bayan haɗuwa nan take, hilal yana siriri sosai, kusa da bakin sama kuma yana nutsewa jim kaɗan bayan rana. Ganinsa ya dogara da abubuwa uku da ma'aunin taswira ke auna: nisan tsakanin rana da wata (ARCL), bambancin tsayi tsakaninsu (ARCV), da faɗin hilal. Idan tsayin tsakanin faɗuwar rana da faɗuwar wata ya yi girma, sai ganin ya fi yuwuwa.
Su hanyoyi biyu ne masu taimakon juna. Ƙidaya tana kawar da abin da ba za a yiwu ba a gaba: wata ta faɗa kafin rana, haɗuwa makusanci sosai, hilal da ya yi ƙasa da iyakar Danjon (Danjon limit). Gani kuma yana tabbatar da abin da za a iya. Yau kwamitoci da yawa suna haɗa duka biyun: ƙidaya na shirya neman, shaida mai dogaro kuma ta kammala.
Taswirar duniya: dukkan watanni
Hanyoyin da aka gabatar suna nuna yadda kowace hukuma ta sanar a fili, kuma na iya canzawa. Sanarwar farkon wata na hukuma ita ce aikin hukumar addini ta kowace ƙasa.